UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No.           )

Filed by the Registrant ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

Moleculin Biotech, Inc.

5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950

Houston, TX 77007

(713) 300-5160

To the Stockholders of Moleculin Biotech, Inc.:

You are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Moleculin Biotech, Inc. on May 26, 2022.25, 2023. The Annual Meeting will begin atat 10:30 a.m. local time at the corporate offices of Moleculin Biotech, Inc., 5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950, Houston, TX 77007.

Information regarding each ofIn accordance with the matters to be voted on at the Annual Meeting is contained in the attached Proxy StatementSecurities and Exchange Commission’s “notice and access” model, we are providing our Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders. We urgeShareholders, Proxy Statement and Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 to you online with paper copies available, free of charge, upon request. On or about April 13, 2023, we will begin mailing a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials detailing how to readaccess the proxy statement carefully.materials electronically and how to submit your proxy via the Internet. The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials also provides instructions on how to request and obtain paper copies of the proxy statementmaterials and proxy card are being mailedor voting instruction form, as applicable. The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials is not a proxy card and cannot be used to all stockholdersvote your shares. We believe this process provides our shareholders with a convenient way to access the proxy materials and submit their proxies online, while allowing us to reduce our environmental impact as well as the costs of printing and distribution.

Shareholders of record asat the close of business on March 28, 2022.

Because it is important that your shares be voted27, 2023 are entitled to vote on the matters presented at the Annual Meeting, we urge you to complete, date and sign the enclosed proxy card and return it as promptly as possible in the accompanying envelope, whether or not you plan to attend in person. Even after returning your proxy, if you are a stockholder of record and do attend the meeting and wish to vote your shares in person, you still may do so.

We look forward to seeing you on May 26, 2022.Meeting.

We intend to hold our Annual Meeting in person and we look forward to seeing you on May 26, 2022. However, due25, 2023. We encourage you to the uncertainties surrounding the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19), it may not be possible or advisable to hold our Annual Meeting in person and we are planning for the possibility thatattend the Annual Meeting, may be held by means of remote communication. If we decidebut if you are unable to take such step, we will announce the decision to do soattend, it is important that you vote in advance via the Internet, or by signing, dating and returning the proxy card. Your cooperation is appreciated since a majority of the common stock must be represented, either in person or by proxy, to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. If we elect to hold our Annual Meeting by remote communication, details on how to participate will be issued by press release, posted on our website at http://ir.moleculin.com and filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as additional proxy material.

Very truly yours,

MOLECULIN BIOTECH, INC.

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials

for the Annual Shareholder Meeting to be Held on May 26, 2022:25, 2023:

Electronic Copies of the Proxy Statement and our 20212022 Annual Report on Form 10-K are available at

https://materials.proxyvote.com/60855D

Moleculin Biotech, Inc.

5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950

Houston, TX 77007

(713) 300-5160

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held May 26, 202225, 2023

TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF MOLECULIN BIOTECH, INC.:

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the 20222023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Moleculin Biotech, Inc. (the “Company”) will be held at the corporate offices at 5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950, Houston, TX 77007, on May 26, 2022 at25, 2023 at 10:30 a.m., local time, for the following purposes, as described in the accompanying Proxy Statement:

The Board of Directors (the “Board”) is not aware of any other business that will be presented for consideration at the Annual Meeting. If any other matters should be properly presented at the Annual Meeting or any adjournments or postponements of the Annual Meeting for action by stockholders, the persons named in the form of proxy will vote the proxy in accordance with their best judgment on that matter.

Only stockholders of record of the Company at the close of business on March 28, 202227, 2023 are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. A complete list of these stockholders will be open for the examination of any stockholder of record at the Company’s principal executive offices located at 5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950, Houston, TX 77007 for a period of ten days prior to the Annual Meeting. The list will also be available for the examination of any stockholder of record present at the Annual Meeting. The Annual Meeting may be adjourned or postponed from time to time without notice other than by announcement at the meeting.

The Company intends to hold the Annual Meeting in person. However, due to the uncertainties surrounding the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19), it may not be possible or advisable to hold the Annual Meeting in person and the Company is planning for the possibility that the Annual Meeting may be held by means of remote communication. If the Company decides to take such step, it will announce the decision to do so in advance of the Annual Meeting. If the Company elects to hold the Annual Meeting by remote communication, details on how to participate will be issued by press release, posted on the Company’s website at http://ir.moleculin.com and filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as additional proxy material.

WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE MEETING, PLEASE SIGN AND DATE THE ENCLOSED PROXY AND RETURN IT IN THE ENVELOPE PROVIDED.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MOLECULIN BIOTECH, INC.

PROXY STATEMENT

FOR

ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held May 26, 202225, 2023

INFORMATION ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING AND VOTING

WHAT IS THE NOTICE OF INTERNET AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS THAT I RECEIVED IN THE MAIL AND WHY DID YOU SEND ME THIS PROXY STATEMENT?AM I RECEIVING IT?

ThisIn accordance with rules adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), except for stockholders who have requested otherwise, we have generally mailed to our stockholders a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice of Internet Availability”). The Notice of Internet Availability provides instructions either for accessing our proxy statementmaterials, including this Proxy Statement, the form of Proxy, and the enclosedCompany’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”), at the website address referred to in the Notice of Internet Availability, or for requesting printed copies of the proxy card are furnishedmaterials by mail or electronically by e-mail. If you would like to receive a paper or e-mail copy of our proxy materials either for this Annual Meeting or for all future meetings, you should follow the instructions for requesting such materials included in the Notice of Internet Availability we mailed to you.

Our Board provided the Notice of Internet Availability and is making the proxy materials available to you in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Directors of Moleculin Biotech, Inc., a Delaware corporation, for use at the Annual Meeting, of Moleculin Biotech Inc.'s stockholders to be held on May 25, 2023 at the 5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950, Houston, TX 77007, on May 26, 2022 at 10:30 a.m., local time, and at any adjournments or postponementstime. As a stockholder of the Annual Meeting. This proxy statement summarizes the informationrecord as of March 27, 2023, you need to make an informed vote on the proposals to be considered at the Annual Meeting. However, you do not needare invited to attend the Annual Meeting, and are entitled to and requested to vote your shares. Instead, you may simply complete, sign and returnon the enclosed proxy card using the envelope provided. items of business described in this Proxy Statement.

The terms “Moleculin,” “Company,” “we,” or “our” refer to Moleculin Biotech, Inc.

WHAT PROPOSALS WILL BE ADDRESSED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING?

We will address the following proposals at the Annual Meeting:

WHO MAY VOTE ON THESE PROPOSALS?

We will send this proxy statement, the attached Notice of Annual Meeting and the enclosed proxy cardInternet Availability on or about April 14, 202213, 2023 to all stockholders as of March 28, 202227, 2023 (the “Record Date”). Stockholders who owned shares of our common stock at the close of business on the Record Date are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting on all matters properly brought before the Annual Meeting.

On the Record Date, we had 28,578,33829,525,135 shares of issued and outstanding common stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

HOW MANY VOTES DO I HAVE?

Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote on each matter presented at the Annual Meeting. Cumulative voting is not permitted.

WHY WOULD THE ANNUAL MEETING BE POSTPONED?

The Annual Meeting will be postponed if a quorum is not present on May 26, 2022.25, 2023. The presence in person or by proxy of at leastthe holders of a majority in voting power of our commonthe outstanding shares of capital stock outstandingentitled to vote at the Annual Meeting as of the Record Date, will constitute a quorum and is required to transact business at the Annual Meeting. If a quorum is not present, the Annual Meeting may be adjourned until a quorum is obtained.

Abstentions and broker non-votes are treated as shares present or represented at the meeting, but are not counted as votes cast. Shares held by brokers who do not have discretionary authority to vote on a particular matter and who have not received voting instructions from their customers (broker non-votes) are not considered to be "entitled to vote" on that matter and are not counted or deemed to be present or represented for the purpose of determining whether stockholders have approved that matter, but they are counted as present for the purposes of determining the existence of a quorum at the Annual Meeting.

HOW DO I VOTE BY PROXY?WITHOUT ATTENDING THE MEETING?

WhetherIf you planare the stockholder of record, you may vote by one of the following methods as instructed on the Notice of Internet Availability:

•              Voting over the Internet: If you are a stockholder of record, you may use the Internet to attendtransmit your vote up until 11:59 P.M., Eastern Time, May 24, 2023 (the day before the Annual Meeting orMeeting). Visit www.proxyvote.com and have your proxy card in hand when you access the website and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form.               

•              Voting by Telephone: If you are a stockholder of record, you may call 1-800-690-6903, toll-free in the United States, U.S. territories and Canada, and use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your vote up until 11:59 P.M., Eastern Time, May 24, 2023 (the day before the Annual Meeting). Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions.

•              By mail.

If you elect to vote by mail and you requested and received a printed set of proxy materials, you may mark, sign, date and mail the proxy card you received from us in the return envelope. If you did not we urge you to complete, sign and date the enclosedreceive a printed proxy card and return it promptly inwish to vote by mail, you may do so by requesting a paper copy of the envelope provided. Returningproxy materials (as described below), which will include a proxy card.

Whichever method of voting you use, the proxies identified on the proxy card will not affectvote the shares of which you are the stockholder of record in accordance with your right to attendinstructions. If you submit a proxy card properly voted and returned through available channels without giving specific voting instructions, the Annual Meeting andproxies will vote in person.the shares as recommended by our Board.

If you properly fill in your proxy card and send it to us in time to vote, your proxy (one of the individuals named on your proxy card) will voteown your shares in “street name,” that is, through a brokerage account or in another nominee form, you must provide instructions to the broker or nominee as to how your shares should be voted. Your broker or nominee will usually provide you have directed.with the appropriate instruction forms at the time you receive the proxy materials. If you sign the proxy card but do not make specific choices, your proxy will voteown your shares as recommended by the Board of Directors (the "Board") as follows:

If any other matters are presented, your proxy willin this manner, you cannot vote in accordance with his or her best judgment. At the time this proxy statement was printed, we knew of no matters that needed to be acted onperson at the Annual Meeting other than those discussed in thisunless you receive a proxy statement.to do so from the broker or the nominee.

HOW DO I VOTE IN PERSON?

If you plan to attend the Annual Meeting and vote in person on May 26, 2022,25, 2023, or at a later date if the meeting is adjourned or postponed, we will give you a ballot when you arrive. However, if your shares are held in the name of your broker, bank or other nominee, you must bring a power of attorney executed by the broker, bank or other nominee that owns the shares of record for your benefit and authorizing you to vote the shares.

MAY I REVOKE MY PROXY?

If you give a proxy, you may revoke it at any time before it is exercised. You may revoke your proxy in three ways:

WHAT VOTE IS REQUIRED TO APPROVE EACH PROPOSAL?

Proposal 1: Election of Directors.

A plurality of the eligible votes cast is required to elect director nominees, and as such, the six nominees who receive the greatest number of “FOR” votes cast by stockholders, entitled to vote at the meeting, will be elected. A nominee who receives a plurality means he or she has received more “FOR” votes than any other nominee for the same director’s seat. Broker non-votes will have no effect on this proposal.

Proposal 2: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

The approval of Proposal 2 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the proposal, and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal. We believe this proposal will be considered to be a “routine” matter and, accordingly, if you hold your shares in street name and do not provide voting instructions to your broker, bank or other agent that holds your shares, your broker, bank or other agent has discretionary authority to vote on this proposal.

Proposal 3: To approve amendments to the 2015 Stock Plan including an increase in the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2015 Stock Plan.

The approval of Proposal 3 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the proposal, and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal.

Proposal 4: To vote on a non-binding, advisory resolution to approve executive compensation.

The approval of Proposal 4 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the proposal, and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal.

Proposal 5: To vote onapprove an amendment to the Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation to grant our Board of Directors authority to effect a non-binding, advisory proposal onreverse stock split of the frequencyoutstanding shares of holding future votes regarding executive compensation.the Company’s common stock, at one of the following reverse stock split ratios, 1-for-2, 1-for-3, 1-for-4, 1-for-5, 1-for-6, 1-for-7, or 1-for-8, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion, prior to the one-year anniversary of this Annual Meeting.

The approval of Proposal 5 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of our outstanding shares entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal.

Proposal 6: To approve an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of common stock from 100,000,000 shares to 200,000,000 shares.

The approval of Proposal 6 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of our outstanding shares entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal.

Proposal 7: To approve an amendment to the Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation to eliminate supermajority voting requirements to amend the amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

The approval of Proposal 7 requires the affirmative vote of two-thirds of our outstanding shares entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal.

Proposal 8: To authorize the adjournment of the Annual Meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes at the time of the Annual Meeting or adjournment or postponement thereof to approve Proposal 5 or Proposal 6.

The approval of Proposal 8 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the proposal, and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal.

Proposal 6: To approve an amendment to the Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation to eliminate supermajority voting requirements to amend the amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

The approval of Proposal 6 requires the affirmative vote of two-thirds of our outstanding shares entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal.

Other Business That Is Properly Brought Before the Annual Meeting

If you do not give instructions to your bank or brokerage firm, it will nevertheless be entitled to vote your shares in its discretion on routine matters. However, absent your instructions, the record holder will not be permitted to vote your shares on a non-routine matter, which are referred to as "broker non-votes", properly brought before the meeting. Broker non-votes (shares held by brokers that do not have discretionary authority to vote on the matter and have not received voting instructions from their clients) are not counted or deemed to be present or represented for the purpose of determining whether stockholders have approved that proposal, but will be counted in determining whether there is a quorum present.

ARE THERE ANY RIGHTS OF APPRAISAL?

The Board of Directors is not proposing any action for which the laws of the State of Delaware, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws provide a right of a stockholder to obtain appraisal of or payment for such stockholder’s shares.

WHO BEARS THE COST OF SOLICITING PROXIES?

We will bear the cost of soliciting proxies in the accompanying form and will reimburse brokerage firms and others for expenses involved in forwarding proxy materials to beneficial owners or soliciting their execution.

We have engaged Okapi Partners LLC (“Okapi”) to assist us in soliciting proxies for the Annual Meeting. We will pay Okapi a base fee of $10,000,$11,500, plus reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. We estimate the total amount payable to Okapi, including expenses will be approximately $15,000.$20,000.

WHERE ARE MOLECULIN’S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES?

The principal executive offices of Moleculin are located at 5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950, Houston, TX 77007 and our telephone number is (713) 300-5160.

HOW CAN I OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT MOLECULIN?

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which requires that we file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding companies, including Moleculin, that file electronically with the SEC. The SEC’s website address is www.sec.gov. In addition, our filings may be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities of the SEC located at 100 F Street, N.E. Washington, DC 20549.

STOCK OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information, as of March 28, 2022,27, 2023, regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock by:

•     each of our directors;

•     each of our named executive officers;

•     all directors and executive officers as a group; and

•     each person, or group of affiliated persons, known by us to beneficially own more than five percent of our shares of common stock.

Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, and generally means that person has beneficial ownership of a security if he or she possesses sole or shared voting or investment power of that security and includes options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days. Each director or officer, as the case may be, has furnished us with information with respect to beneficial ownership. Except as otherwise indicated, we believe that the beneficial owners of common stock listed below, based on the information each of them has given to us, have sole investment and voting power with respect to their shares, except where community property laws may apply. Except as otherwise noted below, the address for each person or entity listed in the table is c/o Moleculin Biotech, Inc., 5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950, Houston, Texas 77007.

(1) Based on 28,578,33829,525,135 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 28, 2022.27, 2023. 

(2) Includes 238,500 shares held by AnnaMed, Inc. that have been included in the amount for Mr. Klemp. Mr. Klemp has voting and dispositive power over the shares held by AnnaMed, Inc. Includes 183,099300,078 shares underlying options exercisable within 60 days of March 28, 2022.27, 2023.

(3) Of the amount in the table, 105,000 shares held by IntertechBio Corp. have been included in the amounts for Dr. Picker. Dr. Picker shares voting and dispositive power over the shares held by IntertechBio Corp. Includes 31,87659,004 shares underlying options exercisable within 60 days of March 28, 2022.27, 2023.

(4) Includes 173,877245,903 shares underlying options exercisable within 60 days of March 28, 2022.27, 2023.

(5) Includes 24,16837,918 shares underlying options exercisable within 60 days of March 28, 2022.27, 2023.

(6) Consists solely of shares underlying options exercisable within 60 days of March 28, 2022.27, 2023.

(7) Consists of the shares identified in footnotes (2)-(6).

INFORMATION ABOUT DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Directors and Executive Officers

The following table sets forth the names and ages of all of our directors and executive officers as of March 28, 2022.27, 2023. Our officers are appointed by, and serve at the pleasure of, the Board of Directors.

Set forth below is biographical information about each of the individuals named in the tables above:

Walter V. Klemp - Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer

Mr. Klemp is a co-founder of our company, and has served as our chairman of the board and chief executive officer since July 2015 and as president since August 2017. SinceFrom July 2018 until December 2021, Mr. Klemp has served as executive chairman on the board of directors of Soliton, Inc., a medical device company focused on developing new technology for use in aesthetics. In December 2021 Soliton, Inc. was acquired by AbbVie, Inc. From November 2011 to July 2018, Mr. Klemp served as chief executive officer of Soliton. Mr. Klemp served as president and chief executive officer of Zeno Corporation from 2004 to April 2011, where he developed and marketed dermatology devices and drugs from concept through FDA approval and market launch. From 1987 to 2000, Mr. Klemp served as chief executive officer and chairman of Drypers Corporation, a publicly traded multinational consumer products company that was listed as #1 on the INC 500 List of America’s Fastest Growing Companies. We believe that Mr. Klemp’s history with our company and background, coupled with his extensive experience in the medical field, provide him with the qualifications to serve as a Chairman of the Board and CEO.

Jonathan P. Foster - Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President

Mr. Foster has served as our chief financial officer and executive vice president since August 2016. Mr. Foster brings more than 30 years in financial experience holding a variety of executive and senior financial positions with public, private, start-up to large corporate and international companies. From February 2012 to August 2016, Mr. Foster served as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of InfuSystem Holdings, Inc., a national provider of infusion pumps and related services to the healthcare industry. From May 2011 to January 2012, Mr. Foster served as a consultant to the Chief Financial Officer of LSG Sky Chefs, USA, Inc., a subsidiary of Deutsche Lufthansa AG.

Prior to that Mr. Foster served in various C-suite capacities with public and private companies with his start beginning as Manager at Deloitte & Touche, LLP. Mr. Foster served on the Board of Financial Institutions for the State of South Carolina from 2006 to 2012 and from June 2018 until December 2021 served on the Board of Directors of Soliton, Inc., a medical device company focused on developing new technology for use in aesthetics, where he was the chair of the Audit and Compensation Committees and the past chair of the Nominating & Governance Committee. In December 2021 Soliton, Inc. was acquired by AbbVie, Inc. Since June 2021, Mr. Foster has served on the Board of Directors of Volcon, Inc. where he is the past chair and current member of the Audit Committee, a member of the Nominating & Governance Committee and is the Chair of the Compensation Committee. Mr. Foster is a Certified Public Accountant (South Carolina) and holds the designation of Chartered Global Management Accountant from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He received his BS in Accounting from Clemson University in 1985.

Donald Picker, PhD - Chief Scientific Officer

Dr. Picker has served as our chief scientific officer since August 2017 after serving as our chief operating officer from July 2015 until August 2017 and as our president from January 2016 to August 2017. From 2006 through 2007, Dr. Picker was the President of Tapestry Pharmaceuticals. From 1998 to 2003, Dr. Picker was CEO of Synergy Pharmaceuticals. Synergy was merged into Callisto Pharmaceuticals where he was vice president of research and development until 2006. Dr. Picker led the development of carboplatin and cisplatin from concept to FDA approval. From 2018 to 2019, Dr. Picker served on the board of directors of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Dr. Picker currently serves as the Chief Science Officer of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. on a part-time basis. Dr. Picker received his BS degree from Brooklyn Polytechnic University and his PhD from SUNY Albany in 1975. Dr. Picker is currently devoting only part of his work time to us, and provides services as needed to us.

Paul Waymack, Senior Chief Medical Officer

Dr. Waymack was the Chairman of the Board of Directors and CMO of Kitov Pharmaceuticals, and its precursor, from 2010 to 2019 and brings over 30 years’ experience in the biopharmaceutical field. A former academic transplant surgeon and FDA medical officer, Dr. Waymack has over 20 years’ experience as a drug development consultant for major pharmaceutical companies, including Pfizer, Roche, Pharmacia, Warner Lambert and Searle. During his 10-year academic career, Dr. Waymack published over 100 scientific articles, mainly in the fields of prostaglandins and immunology. In addition, he was commissioned and served as a Major in the US Army Medical Corps in the position of Chief of Surgical Research at the Institute for Surgical Research. Dr. Waymack was also an Associate Professor of Surgery at the University of Texas Medical Branch and at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. Dr. Waymack is currently devoting only part of his work time to us and provides services as needed to us. 

Robert E. George - Director

Mr. George joined our board of directors upon our IPO. He was a partner with the international accounting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) for 27 years until 2010, where his client service sectors included healthcare, among others. Mr. George currently serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee for The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and, since June 2011, has been a member of The University of Texas at Austin, McCombs Graduate School of Business accounting faculty. Mr. George has a B.B.A. - Accounting (cum laude) from the University of North Texas. We believe Mr. George’s deep and broad level of expertise in financial accounting and reporting matters, particularly in the healthcare sector, as a former audit partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers provide him with the qualifications to serve as a director.

Michael D. Cannon - Director

Mr. Cannon joined our board of directors upon our IPO. Between 1997 and 2004, Mr. Cannon was the Chief Science Officer, EVP and a Director of SICOR, Inc., a U.S. public pharmaceutical company, until its acquisition by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. SICOR focused on generic finished dosage injectable pharmaceuticals, active pharmaceutical ingredients and generic biopharmaceuticals. While at SICOR, he oversaw the acquisition and development of the biological business, including initiation and management of international partnerships, as well as on the design, construction, and licensure of protein manufacturing facilities. From July 2005 to December 2009, Mr. Cannon was a member of the scientific advisory board of Trevi Health Ventures LP, a New York investment fund specializing in health care investments. From May 2005 until December 2011, Mr. Cannon was a partner in a private partnership formed to evaluate and perform preliminary development of intellectual property in the healthcare sector. Since 2005, Mr. Cannon has served as a board member for several private companies. Mr. Cannon currently serves on the boards of directors of three privately held biotech companies. He previously served on the board of directors of Athenex, Inc., a public company traded on the NASDAQ. Mr. Cannon has a degree in chemistry from Fordham College. We believe Mr. Cannon’s distinguished career in the biotechnology field, particularly as Chief Science Officer, EVP and a Director of SICOR, a publicly traded company, provide him with the qualifications to serve as a director.

John M. Climaco, Esq. - Director

Mr. Climaco joined our board of directors in July 2017. Mr. Climaco has served as the chief executive officer of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. since September 2017. Mr. Climaco has served in leadership roles in a variety of healthcare companies. From 2014 until 2017, Mr. Climaco served as the Executive Vice ‐President of Perma‐Fix Medical S.A. From 2002 until 2012, Mr. Climaco served as President and CEO of Axial Biotech, Inc., a DNA diagnostics company. Mr. Climaco previously served as a director of Digirad, Inc., a leading national provider of imaging services; PDI, Inc., a provider of outsourced commercial services to pharma companies; InfuSystem Holdings, Inc., the largest supplier of infusion services to oncologists in the United States; and Birner Dental Management Services, Inc., a provider of practice management services to the dental industry. Mr. Climaco obtained his Juris Doctorate Degree from University of California Hastings College of Law, San Francisco, CA and a Bachelors of Philosophy from Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT. Mr. Climaco is active with the State Bar of Utah. We believe Mr. Climaco’s vast experience with development stage companies and his legal background provides him with the qualifications to serve as a director.

Elizabeth Cermak - Director

Ms. Cermak joined our board of directors in October 2020. Ms. Cermak has held numerous board positions in the healthcare space, including currently at Clarus Therapeutics, Inc., where she serves as an Independent Board Director. In addition, Ms. Cermak was formerly an Independent Board Director at Neurana Pharmaceuticals, QUE Oncology and SteadyMed Therapeutics. From 2009 to 2013, Ms. Cermak was the Chief Commercial Officer and Executive Vice President at POZEN, now Aralez Pharmaceuticals. As Chief Commercial Officer at POZEN, Ms. Cermak developed the commercial strategy and launch Plans for the Company's first self-marketed product, and signed licensing deals with Johnson & Johnson, Desitin, and Sanofi. Prior to joining POZEN, Ms. Cermak worked at Johnson & Johnson for 25 years, serving most recently as World-Wide Vice President Personal Products Franchise and Vice President Professional Sales & Marketing, and leading the US Women's Health Pharmaceutical business. We believe Ms. Cermak’s extensive experience in the healthcare industry provides her with the qualifications to serve as a director.

Joy Yan - Director

Dr. Yan joined our board of directors in March 2022. Dr. Yan is a biopharma executive and oncology physician-scientist with extensive experience in early and late clinical development with a successful track record leading the development of multiple oncology products from strategic planning through global submissions and approvals. Dr. Yan currently serves as an Independent Board Director at Checkmate Pharmaceuticals and Chief Medical Officer of Keymed Biosciences. She is also a member of the Scientific Advisory Board at Ambrx, , after her role as the Chief Medical Officer, where she led the pipeline strategy and quickly advanced the development programs. She also assisted on the cross-over financing and IPO. Previously at Bristol Myers Squibb, she led the successful development of multiple oncology products from strategic planning through global submissions and approvals, including BMS’ first FDA Pilot Programs (RTOR, Project ORBIS, AAid) for nivolumab and ipilimumab. She also has broad clinical development experience from her roles with Janssen and Bayer, where she led Phase 1, 2 and 3 studies exploring a variety of MOAs and evaluated NMEs (daratumumab, radium-223, anti-IL3R, Bi-specifics, ADCs, TKIs) across multiple tumor types. Dr. Yan completed her Ph.D. in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology at Johns Hopkins University. She received her M.D. from China Medical University and completed her residency and clinical fellowship at University of Washington. We believe Dr. Yan’s extensive experience with early and late clinical development provides her with the qualifications to serve as a director.

No director is related to any other director or executive officer of our company or our subsidiaries, and, there are no arrangements or understandings between a director and any other person pursuant to which such person was elected as director.

GOVERNANCE OF THE COMPANY

Our Board of Directors 

Our Board of Directors oversees the business affairs of Moleculin and monitors the performance of management. Pursuant to our Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall consist of no less than one director. Members of the Board of Directors discussed various business matters informally on numerous occasions throughout the year 2021.2022. The Board held 239 meetings during 2021.2022. In addition to meetings of the full Board of Directors, our Board has established an Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. In addition, during 2021 our Board established a Strategic Planning Committee, on an ad hoc basis for 2021, to assist in reviewing our drug development pipeline. During 2021,2022, these Board committees held an additional 2821 meetings during the year. Specifically, the breakdown of the committee meetings for 20212022 are as follows: 97 for the Audit Committee, 9 for the Compensation Committee, 7and 5 for the Governance Committee,Nominating and 3 for the Strategic PlanningCorporate Governance Committee. We believe that such interaction between fellow Board members and with management provided proper oversight of the Company. Each incumbent director attended at least 90%more than 75% of the total number of meetings of the Board of Directors and committee meetings of which such director was a member (held during the period for which such director was in office).

Director Independence

The rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market, or the Nasdaq Rules, require a majority of a listed company’s board of directors to be composed of independent directors. In addition, the Nasdaq Rules require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation and nominating and governance committees be independent. Under the Nasdaq Rules, a director will only qualify as an independent director if, in the opinion of our Board of Directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. The Nasdaq Rules also require that audit committee members satisfy independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee, accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries or otherwise be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries. In considering the independence of compensation committee members, the Nasdaq Rules require that our board of directors must consider additional factors relevant to the duties of a compensation committee member, including the source of any compensation we pay to the director and any affiliations with our company.

Our board of directors undertook a review of the composition of our board of directors and its committees and the independence of each director. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our board of directors has determined that each of our directors, with the exception of Mr. Klemp, are independent as defined under the Nasdaq Rules.

Board Committees 

We established a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, an Audit Committee and a Compensation Committee. Our Board of Directors has adopted and approved a charter for each of these standing committees. The charters, which include the functions and responsibilities of each of the committees, can be found in the “Investors - Corporate Governance” section on our web site at www.moleculin.com.

Audit Committee. The members of the Audit Committee are Robert George (Chairperson), Michael Cannon, John Climaco, and Elizabeth Cermak. Each member of the Audit Committee is independent as defined by the Nasdaq Rules. In addition, each member of the Audit Committee satisfies the additional requirements of the SEC and Nasdaq Rules for audit committee membership, including the additional independence requirements and the financial literacy requirements. The Board has determined that at least one member of the Audit Committee, Mr. George, is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in the SEC’s rules and regulations. The primary purpose of the Audit Committee is to oversee the quality and integrity of our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audit of our financial statements. The Audit Committee is responsible for selecting, compensating, overseeing and terminating the selection of our independent registered public accounting firm.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are Robert George (Chairperson), Michael Cannon, John Climaco, and Elizabeth Cermak. Each member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is independent as defined by Nasdaq Rules. The primary functions and responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are to: (a) determine the qualifications, qualities, skills, and other expertise required to be a director; (b) identify and screen individuals qualified to become members of the Board; (c) make recommendations to the Board regarding the selection and approval of the nominees for director; and (d) review and assess the adequacy of our corporate governance policies and procedures.

Compensation Committee. The members of the Compensation Committee are Michael Cannon (Chairperson), Robert George, John Climaco, and Elizabeth Cermak. Each member of the Compensation Committee is independent as defined by Nasdaq Rules.

The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things, reviewing and making recommendations to the Board of Directors with respect to the annual compensation for our Chief Executive Officer. The Compensation Committee also is responsible for reviewing and making recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding the annual compensation and benefits for our other executive officers. The Compensation Committee also, among other things, reviews compensation of the Board, reviews and makes recommendations on all new executive compensation programs that are proposed for adoption and administers the Company’s equity incentive plans. The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things, reviewing and making recommendations to the Board of Directors with respect to the annual compensation for our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer review the performance of our other executive officers (other than himself)themselves) and, based on that review, they then make recommendations to the Compensation Committee about the compensation of executive officers (other than themselves). Neither our Chief Executive Officer ornor Chief Financial Officer participate in any deliberations or approvals by the Board or the Compensation Committee with respect to their own compensation. In AprilSince 2018, the Compensation Committee has retained Pay Governance, a compensation consulting firm, to evaluate our executive compensation program. Pay Governance’s engagement included assisting the Compensation Committee with the selection of a peer group of companies for benchmarking purposes, and an analysis of our existing executive compensation. The consultant serves at the pleasure of the Compensation Committee rather than management, and the consultant’s fees are approved by the Compensation Committee.

Board Member Attendance at Annual Meetings

We do not have a formal policy regarding Board attendance at our annual meetings, however, all of our directors are invited to the annual meeting. Due to restrictionstravel difficulties related to the COVID-19 pandemic, Mr. George was the only director who was able to attend the 20212022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.Stockholders, as he is the only local director.

Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight

Walter V. Klemp serves as both our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Our Board of Directors has no policy with regard to the separation of the offices of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and believes, given the size of our company, it is appropriate for Mr. Klemp to serve in both roles.

John Climaco serves as the Lead Independent Director of our Board. As Lead Independent Director, Mr. Climaco is responsible for, among other things,

Our Board believes that by maintaining a Lead Independent Director position, it has designed a governance structure that best advances Moleculin’s objectives, while maintaining proper checks and balances on senior management, and providing the independent members of the Board with open and transparent communication regarding our strategic planning activities.

Our management is responsible for managing risks in our business, including developing processes to manage and monitor risks. The Board views its role as one of oversight. The Board focuses on understanding management’s risk management systems, the effectiveness of those systems, and the way in which management proactively manages risks. In addition, the Board utilizes the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee to manage risks that arise under each committee’s area of focus.

Nomination of Director Candidates

We receive suggestions for potential director nominees from many sources, including members of the Board, advisors, and stockholders. Any such nominations, together with appropriate biographical information, should be submitted to the Chairperson of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee in the manner discussed below. Any candidates submitted by a stockholder or stockholder group are reviewed and considered in the same manner as all other candidates.

Qualifications for consideration as a Board nominee may vary according to the particular areas of expertise being sought as a complement to the existing board composition. However, minimum qualifications include high level leadership experience in business activities, breadth of knowledge about issues affecting the Company, experience on other boards of directors, preferably public company boards, and time available for meetings and consultation on Company matters. Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee does not have a formal policy with regard to the consideration of diversity in identifying director candidates, but seeks a diverse group of candidates who possess the background, skills and expertise to make a significant contribution to the Board, to the Company and our stockholders. Candidates whose evaluations are favorable are recommended by our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to the full Board for consideration. The full Board selects and recommends candidates for nomination as directors for stockholders to consider and vote upon at the annual meeting.

A stockholder wishing to nominate a candidate for election to our Board of Directors at any annual meeting at which the Board of Directors has determined that one or more directors will be elected must submit a written notice of his or her nomination of a candidate to the Chairperson of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (c/o the Corporate Secretary), providing the candidates name, biographical data and other relevant information together with a consent from the nominee. Pursuant to our Bylaws, the submission must be received at our principal executive offices 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the mailing date of our previous year’s proxy statement so as to permit the Board of Directors time to evaluate the qualifications of the nominee.

During 2020, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee retained a third-party search firm to conduct a search to recruit a director. Ms. Cermak was recommended to our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee by the third-party search firm. During 2021, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee retained a third-party search firm to conduct a search to recruit a director. Dr. Yan was recommended to our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee by the third-party search firm. Except as set forth above, we have not employed an executive search firm, or paid a fee to any other third party, to locate qualified candidates for director positions.

In addition to satisfying the foregoing requirements under our Bylaws, stockholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than our nominees must comply with the additional requirements of Rule 14a-19(b) under the Exchange Act to comply with the universal proxy rules. The requirements under the universal proxy rules are in addition to the applicable procedural requirements under our Bylaws described above.

Diversity of Directors

The following table summarizes certain self-identified characteristics of our directors, utilizing the categories and terms set forth in applicable Nasdaq rules and related guidance (as of March 28, 2022)27, 2023):

Stockholder Communications with Directors

Persons wishing to write to our Board of Directors, or to a specified director or committee of the Board, should send correspondence to the Corporate Secretary at 5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950, Houston, Texas 77007. Electronic submissions of stockholder correspondence will not be accepted.

The Corporate Secretary will forward to the directors all communications that, in his or her judgment, are appropriate for consideration by the directors. Examples of communications that would not be appropriate for consideration by the directors include commercial solicitations and matters not relevant to the stockholders, to the functioning of the Board or to the affairs of Moleculin. Any correspondence received that is addressed generically to the Board of Directors will be forwarded to the Chairman of the Board.

Anti-Hedging Policy

Our policies prohibit directors, officers and other employees from purchasing financial instruments (including prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, and exchange funds), or otherwise engaging in transactions, that hedge or offset, or are designed to hedge or offset, any decrease in the market value of our equity securities without our prior approval.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a written code of ethics that applies to our directors, principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller and any persons performing similar functions. The code of ethics is on the “Investors - Corporate Governance - Governance Documents” section of our web site at www.moleculin.com. We intend to disclose any future amendments to, or waivers from, the code of ethics within four business days of the waiver or amendment through a website posting or by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC.

COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Executive Officer Compensation 

Our named executive officers for the years ended December 31, 20212022 and 2020,2021, which consist of our principal executive officer and our two other most highly compensated executive officers, are: (i) Walter V. Klemp, our chairman, president and chief executive officer; (ii) Jonathan P. Foster, our chief financial officer and executive vice president; and (ii) Donald Picker, our chief scientific officer.  

(1)         Represents the full grant date fair value of the option grant calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that may be realized by the named executive officer. For a summary of the assumptions made in the valuation of the awards, please see Note 6 to our financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2021 included in the Form 10-K provided to you along with this proxy statement.

(2)          Represents payments made by us for medical coverage, term life, dental vision, short and long-term disability, voluntary AD&D and Voluntary life.

(3)         Mr. Klemp's equity awards in 2021 consisted of 223,635 stock options with a grant date fair value of $722,657, and 100,000 restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $373,000. Mr. Klemp's equity awards in 2020 consisted of 83,334 stock options with a grant date fair value of $410,852, and 58,869 restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $327,783. 

(4)         Mr. Foster's equity awards in 2021 consisted of 108,770 stock options with a grant date fair value of $351,481, and 50,000 restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $186,500. Mr. Foster's equity awards in 2020 consisted of 76,667 stock options with a grant date fair value of $377,982, and no restricted stock units.

(5)          Represents the full grant date fair value of theor restricted stock unit calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that may be realized by the named executive officer. For a summary of the assumptions made in the valuation of the awards, please see Note 6 to our financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 20212022 included in the Form 10-K provided to you along2022 Annual Report.

(2)          Represents payments made by us for medical coverage, term life, dental vision, short and long-term disability, voluntary AD&D and Voluntary life.

(3)         Mr. Klemp's equity awards in 2022 consisted of 225,000 stock options with this proxy statement.a grant date fair value of $284,791, and 225,000 restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $335,250. Mr. Klemp's equity awards in 2021 consisted of 223,635 stock options with a grant date fair value of $722,657, and 100,000 restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $373,000. 

(4)         Mr. Foster's equity awards in 2022 consisted of 155,000 stock options with a grant date fair value of $196,190, and 162,667 restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $242,374. Mr. Foster's equity awards in 2021 consisted of 108,770 stock options with a grant date fair value of $351,481, and 50,000 restricted stock units with a grant date fair value of $186,500.

(5)         Mr. Picker’s equity awards in 2022 consisted of 65,000 stock options with a grant date fair value of $82,273, and 64,667 restricted tock units with a grant date fair value of $96,353. Mr. Picker’s equity awards in 2021 consisted of 62,676 stock options with a grant date fair value of $202,532.

Narrative to Summary Compensation Table

We have established for compensation purposes a compensation year from June 1 until May 31 of each year. In June of each year, our compensation committeeCompensation Committee completes its annual review of executive compensation and determines, after researching comparable companies and using a leading industry survey, the compensation arrangements for the next compensation year.

We review compensation annually for all employees, including our executives. In setting executive base salaries and bonuses and granting equity incentive awards, we consider compensation for comparable positions in the market, the individual executive’s performance as compared to our expectations and objectives, our desire to motivate our employees to achieve short and long-term results that are in the best interests of our stockholders and a long-term commitment to our company. We do not target a specific competitive position or a specific mix of compensation among base salary, bonus or long-term incentives. Our Compensation Committee typically reviews and discusses management’s proposed compensation with the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer for all executives other than the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on those discussions and its discretion, the Compensation Committee then determines the compensation for each executive officer. Our Compensation Committee, without members of management present, discusses and ultimately approves the compensation of our executive officers.

Compensation Consultant

InSince April 2018, the Compensation Committee has retained Pay Governance, a compensation consulting firm, to evaluate our executive compensation program. Pay Governance’s engagement included assisting the Compensation Committee with the selection of a peer group of companies for benchmarking purposes, and an analysis of our existing executive compensation. The consultant serves at the pleasure of the Compensation Committee rather than us,management, and the consultant’s fees are approved by the Compensation Committee.

Annual Base Salary

For the 2020/2021 compensation year, the base salaries for Mr. Klemp, Mr. Foster, and Dr. Picker were $500,000, $375,000, and $300,000, respectively. For the 2021/2022 compensation year, the base salaries for Mr. Klemp, Mr. Foster, and Dr. Picker arewere $565,000, $405,000, and $340,000, respectively. For the 2022/2023 compensation year, the base salaries for Mr. Klemp, Mr. Foster, and Dr. Picker were unchanged. 

Annual Bonus and Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation.

We seek to motivate and reward our executives for achievements relative to our corporate goals and objectives, and with respect to their respective individual goals, for each fiscal year. For the 2020/20212021/2022 compensation year, the target bonus for Mr. Klemp, Mr. Foster and Dr. Picker were 71%66%, 51%49%, and 51%47%, respectively, of their base salary. For the 2021/20222022/2023 compensation year, the target bonus for Mr. Klemp, Mr. Foster and Dr. Picker areare 66%, 49%, and 47%, respectively, of their base salary. With respect to payment of bonuses, our Compensation Committee establishes certain “stretch goals” for our officers that permit a total potential bonus payable of 120% of the established target bonus.

The actual performance-based annual bonus paid is calculated by multiplying the executive’s annual base salary, target bonus percentage, the percentage attainment of the corporate goals established by the Board for such year, which represents the total potential bonus payable to our named executive officers, and the percentage attainment of the individual goals approved by our Compensation Committee with respect to our other executive officers. However, the Compensation Committee is not required to calculate bonuses in this manner and retains discretion in the amounts it awards and the factors it takes into consideration in determining bonus amounts. At the end of the compensation year, the Compensation Committee reviews our performance against our goals and objectives and approves the extent to which we achieved each of our corporate and individual goals and objectives, and, for each named executive officer, the amount of the bonus awarded.

For the 2020/20212021/2022 compensation year, bonuses were awarded based on our achievement of specified corporate goals, including the progress of our clinical trials, the improvement of our internal controls and our ability to maintain sufficient funding, and individual goals, as applicable. Based on the level of achievement, our Compensation Committee awarded Mr. Klemp, Mr. Foster and Dr. Picker 90%, 89%90%, and 89%90%, respectively, of their potential bonuses for the 2020/20212021/2022 compensation year. In addition, in August 2022, our Compensation Committee approved the potential payment of a cash bonus to Mr. Klemp of $375,000 payable upon the dosing of the first patient in our Phase 2 clinical trial of Annamycin for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma lung metastases. This objective was satisfied in November 2022 and has been included in the table for 2022. These actual bonus amounts are reflected in the "Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation" column of the Summary Compensation Table above.

For the 2021/20222022/2023 compensation year, bonuses will be awarded based on our achievement of specified corporate goals, including the progress of our clinical trials, our business development efforts, the improvement in our cyber security efforts,systems, and our ability to improve our balance sheet strength.

Long-Term Incentives 

Our 2015 Stock Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock awards, stock unit awards and stock appreciation rights to key employees, non-employee directors and consultants.

Each year our Compensation Committee establishes a value for the expected equity grant issuable to each of our named executive officers. For the 2020/2021 compensation year, the fair value of the equity grants for Mr. Klemp, Mr. Foster and Dr. Picker were $955,000, $430,000 and $150,000, respectively. For the 2021/2022 compensation year, the fair value of the equity grants for Mr. Klemp, Mr. Foster and Dr. Picker were $975,000, $430,000 and $175,000, respectively. For the 2022/2023 compensation year, the fair value of the equity grants for Mr. Klemp, Mr. Foster and Dr. Picker were established at $975,000, $430,000 and $175,000, respectively,respectively, although the final determination for any equity grants remain at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. For options, we set the option exercise price, and grant date fair value based on the closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on the date of grant. The shares underlying options typically vest in four equal annual installments. For other equity awards, the grant date fair value is based on the closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on the date of grant.

(1) The principal executive officer (PEO) is Walter V. Klemp, our chairman, president and chief executive officer. The Non-PEO NEOs are Jonathan P. Foster, our chief financial officer and executive vice president; and Donald Picker, our chief scientific officer. 

(2) The amounts shown as CompensationActuallyPaid have been calculated in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K and do not reflect compensation actually realized or received by the Company’s NEOs. These amounts reflect total compensation as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table for each year, adjusted as described in footnote 3 below.

(3) Compensation Actually Paid reflects the exclusions and inclusions for the PEO (Mr. Klemp) and the Non-PEO NEOs (Mr. Foster and Dr. Picker) set forth below. Amounts excluded, which are set forth in the “Minus Stock and Option Awards from Summ. Comp. Table” columns below, represent the Stock Awards and Option Awards reported in the Stock Awards and Option Awards columns of the Summary Compensation Table for each applicable year. Amounts added back to determine CompensationActuallyPaid are made up of the following components which are set forth in the table below, as applicable: (i) the fair value as of the end of the fiscal year of outstanding and unvested equity awards granted in that year; (ii) the change in fair value during the year of equity awards granted in prior years that remained outstanding and unvested at the end of the year; (iii) the fair value as of the vesting date of equity awards that were granted and vested in that year; and (iv) the change in fair value as of the vesting date of equity awards granted in prior years that vested during that year. In 2021 or 2022, we did not have any awards granted in any prior year that failed to meet applicable vesting conditions during the covered year. Equity values are calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. The valuation approach is not materially different from the approach used for equity grant date valuations.

(4) Total Shareholder Return illustrates the value, as of the last day of the indicated fiscal year, of an investment of $100 in our common stock on December 31, 2020.

(5) As disclosed in the 2022 Annual Report.

Relationship Between Compensation Actually Paid and Performance

Compensation Actually Paid (CAP) for the PEO and non-PEO NEOs is below total compensation reported on the Summary Compensation Table (SCT) due to the Company’s lower share price/TSR during 2021 and 2022. CAP in 2021 was lower due to the Company’s TSR falling from $100 to $38.89 (-61%) during 2021, compared to a smaller stock price depreciation of -43% during 2022. The reduction in CAP (compared to reported total pay on SCT) is not reflective of the Net Losses reported in 2021 and 2022 as annual incentive payouts in 2021 and 2022 are primarily based on advances in the Company’s research and development activities. A higher level of research and development activities leads to a larger current Net Loss but could also result in the creation of significant future value gains.

Equity Awards

The following table sets forth certain information concerning our outstanding equity awards for our named executive officers at December 31, 2021.2022. 

Outstanding Equity Awards At Fiscal Year-End

(1)         The shares underlying the options vest in equal annual installments over a four-year period (i.e., one-quarter of each grant vests on the first, second, third and fourth anniversary of the grant date)., subject to continued service with us through each applicable vesting date.

(2)         RestrictedConsists of restricted stock unit award vestsawards that vest in four equal annual installments, subject to continued service with us through each applicable vesting date.

(3)         Based on the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 20212022 of $1.86.$1.06.

Employment Agreements

Klemp Employment Agreement 

On October 13, 2016, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Walter V. Klemp pursuant to which Mr. Klemp agreed to serve as our Chief Executive Officer commencing on such date. The agreement provided for an initial annual salary of $300,000, which is reviewed annually. If Mr. Klemp’s employment is terminated at our election without “cause” (as defined in the agreement), which requires 30 days advanced notice, or by Mr. Klemp for “good reason” (as defined in the agreement), Mr. Klemp shall be entitled to receive severance payments equal to 12 months of Mr. Klemp’s base salary. Mr. Klemp has agreed not to compete with us for 12 months after the termination of his employment.

Foster Employment Agreement 

On August 19, 2016, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Jonathan P. Foster pursuant to which Mr. Foster agreed to serve as our Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President commencing on such date for an initial term of three years, which is automatically renewed for additional one-year terms unless either party chooses not to renew the agreement. The agreement provided for an initial annual salary of $250,000, which is reviewed annually. Mr. Foster may receive an annual bonus, provided that the final determination on the amount of the annual bonus, if any, will be made by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, based on criteria established by the Compensation Committee.

Under the agreement, Mr. Foster was granted a ten-year option to purchase 66,667 shares at an exercise price per share equal to the closing price of our common stock on the date of execution of his employment agreement, which was $35.10. The option vested in four equal installments on each of the succeeding four anniversary dates of the execution of the agreement.

If Mr. Foster’s employment is terminated at our election without “cause” (as defined in the agreement), which requires 90 days advance notice, or by Mr. Foster for “good reason” (as defined in the agreement), Mr. Foster shall be entitled to receive severance payments equal to nine months of Mr. Foster’s base salary and a pro rata portion of the target bonus, if any, for the year in which such termination occurs. In addition, if Mr. Foster’s employment is terminated prior to the end of the term of the agreement by us without cause or by Mr. Foster for good reason, and such termination occurs within three months prior to a change in control, in contemplation of a change in control or within six months after a change in control, Mr. Foster shall be entitled to receive, in addition to the severance discussed above, an acceleration of the vesting of the option grant described in the prior paragraph. Mr. Foster agreed not to compete with us until nine months after the termination of his employment.

Director Compensation

Our compensation committeeCompensation Committee has engaged Pay Governance LLC, an independent compensation consultant, to advise them on matters relating to our non-employee director compensation program. Based on a review of a compensation study prepared by Pay Governance, our compensation committeeCompensation Committee recommended to our Board and our Board approved the following policy for compensating non-employee members of the Board:

•     Each non-employee director shall receive annual cash compensation of $40,000. In addition, the chairperson of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee shall receive an annual compensation of $15,000, $10,000 and $7,500, respectively; the other members of such committees shall receive an annual compensation of $7,500, $5,000 and $3,750, respectively; and the Lead Independent Director shall receive an annual compensation of $15,000. All payments will be made within 15 days after calendar quarter end.

•     Upon the initial appointment (or election) of non-employee directors to the Board, the director will be issued a 10-year option to purchase 6,667 shares of our common stock, under our 2015 Stock Plan, with 3-year annual vesting and an exercise price equal the closing price of our common stock on the date of the appointment (or election).

•     Annually, on the date of our annual meeting, each non-employee director that is re-elected at the annual meeting will be issued, upon a motion and approval of the Board of Directors, a 10-year option to purchase 3,334 shares of our common stock, under our 2015 Stock Plan, with 1-year annual vesting and an exercise price equal the closing price of our common stock on the date of the annual meeting.

The following table sets forth the total compensation earned by our non-employee directors in 2021 (Mr. Klemp does not earn additional compensation for his services on the Board, and his compensation is fully reflected in the “-Summary Compensation Table” above): 

(1)          Represents the full grant date fair value of the option award our board approved and granted to each non-employee director, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that may be realized by the director. For a summary of the assumptions made in the valuation of the awards, please see Note 6 to our financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 20212022 included in the Form 10-K provided to you along with this proxy statement. As of December 31, 2021,2022, the aggregate number of shares outstanding under all options to purchase our common stock held by our non-employee directors were: Mr. Cannon - 26,66865,001 shares; Mr. George - 26,66865,001 shares; Mr. Climaco - 24,16862,501 shares, Ms. Cermak - 55,000 shares, and Ms. CermakYan - 16,66745,000 shares. None of our non-employee directors held stock awards other than options as of December 31, 2021.2022.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information regarding our equity compensation plans at December 31, 2021:2022: 

(1) Represents shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options under our current 2015 Stock Plan.

(2) Consists of warrants issued to consultants for services.

Scientific Advisory Board

Our executive team is supported by our scientific advisory board, the members of which include scientists experienced in the fields in which we pursue.

Dr. Waldemar Priebe, Ph.D, Chair of Scientific Advisory Board (SAB). Waldemar Priebe is a founder of and one of the founding scientists at Moleculin, LLC and serves as Chairman of our Scientific Advisory Board. Dr. Priebe is also a Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the Department of Experimental Therapeutics at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Dr. Priebe led the discovery of the molecules that form the basis for our lead drug candidates. As a founder or founding scientist at a number of successful biotechnology firms such as Aronex Pharmaceuticals, Houston Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Reata Pharmaceuticals, and IntertechBio, Dr. Priebe has been integral in advancing several drugs through the pipeline, three of which are currently in clinical development. He has also developed several new small molecule compounds that have been licensed as potential drugs.

Dr. Jorge Cortes, M.D., SAB Member. Dr. Cortes is Director of the Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University after serving for 23 years in the Department of Leukemia at MD Anderson Cancer Center where he served as deputy chair and directed the CML and AML Programs. Dr. Cortes received his medical degree in 1986 from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, and completed his medical oncology fellowship at MD Anderson. Dr. Cortes, whose clinical interest focuses on new drug development and the management of patients with myelodysplatic syndromes, acute and chronic leukemias, and myeloproliferative disorders has authored over 1000 peer-reviewed medical publications in top-tier journals including New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet Oncology, Lancet Hematology, Journal of Clinical Oncology, Leukemia, Blood and many others. He has authored several books and book chapters in prestigious publications such as Cancer Medicine and Harrisonís Principles of Internal Medicine. He has received numerous awards including the Faculty Scholar Award from MD Anderson in 2003, the Annual Celgene Young Investigator Achievement Award for Clinical Research in Hematology in 2005, The Dr. John J. Kenny Award from The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society in 2007, the Otis W. and Pearl L. Walters Faculty Achievement Award in Clinical Research from MD Anderson in 2007, The Professor David Galton Lecture from the Imperial College of London Hammersmith Hospital in London, UK in 2011, the William Randolph Hearst Foundations Faculty Achievement Award in Education in 2013, and The Gerald P. Bodey Award for Excellence in Education in 2014. He is currently the Cecil F. Whitaker Jr. Georgia Research Academy Eminent Scholar Chair in Cancer.

Dr. James L. Abbruzzese, M.D., SAB Member. Dr. Abbruzzese is the Chief of the Division of Medical Oncology at Duke University, and Member of the Duke Cancer Institute at Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Abbruzzese earned his medical degree with honors from the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine and completed his residency in Internal Medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He also completed clinical fellowships in Infectious Diseases at the Johns Hopkins and in Medical Oncology and Medical Oncology Research Laboratory of Neoplastic Disease Mechanisms at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute of Harvard Medical School. Dr. Abbruzzese has spent most of his professional career at M.D. Anderson, where he rose through the ranks to his current leadership positions as Chairman of the Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Associate Vice-Provost for Clinical Research. Among his many accomplishments, Dr. Abbruzzese is a Fellow of the American College of Physicians and Fellow of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. He has co-authored more than 400 research publications and currently serves as Chair of the Clinical Trials and Translational Research Advisory Committee of the National Cancer Institute.

Dr. Hongbo Zhai, SAB Member. Dr. Zhai former Senior Faculty and Supervisor of Postdoctoral Fellows at University of California San Francisco, has joined Moleculin's Science Advisory Board. Dr. Zhai has over 20 years research and development experience in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. He has worked in oncology, dermatology and virology within China for three drug technologies. Dr. Zhai has contributed to the development of products in collaboration with global Fortune 500 companies such as Procter & Gamble, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, 3M Pharmaceuticals, and L'Oreal and has published more than 120 scientific articles in his research areas.

Dr. Martin Tallman - Dr. Tallman is a board-certified hematologist and oncologist and Chief of the Leukemia Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Before joining Memorial Sloan Kettering, Dr. Tallman was on the faculty of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center for more than 20 years. There he directed the Leukemia Program, was Co-Director of the Hematologic Malignancy Program at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and was Associate Chief of the Division of Hematology-Oncology. Dr. Tallman completed fellowship training at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and University of Washington at Seattle. Dr. Tallman is an Associate Editor for the journal Blood, the major periodical publishing new information regarding leukemias and other blood disorders. He is currently Chair of the Leukemia Committee of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), one of only three large cooperative oncology groups in the US responsible for coordinating large clinical trials of new therapies for patients with all of the acute and chronic leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. The ECOG, in collaboration with other cooperative oncology groups in the US and around the world, has carried out many important clinical trials which have set the standard of care for the most effective treatment of many of the leukemias and related disorders.

Richard Whitley, M.D. - Richard Whitley, M.D., is a Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Microbiology, Medicine and Neurosurgery; Loeb Eminent Scholar Chair in Pediatrics; Co-Director, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Vice-Chair, Department of Pediatrics; Senior Scientist, Department of Gene Therapy; Scientist, Cancer Research and Training Center; Faculty, Gene Therapy Center; Associate Director for Drug Discovery and Development and Senior Leader, Pediatric Oncology Program, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB); and Co-Founder and Co-Director, Alabama Drug Discovery Alliance. Dr. Whitley is responsible for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Collaborative Antiviral Study Group whose role is to perform clinical trials of antiviral therapies directed against medically important viral diseases of children and adults including viruses considered as threats to human health. He has published more than 347 articles. He participates in numerous Data Safety and Monitoring Boards for ongoing clinical studies. He is a past President of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and received the UAB President’s Medal in 2007. In 2013, he was named as the inaugural recipient of the Distinguished Clinical Research Scholar and Educator in Residence at the NIH Clinical Center.

We compensate the members of our Scientific Advisory Board, or SAB, based on our utilization of their time. As of the date hereof, we have entered into compensatory agreements with Drs. Waymack, Estey, Cortes, Abbruzzese, and Tallman pursuant to which we made a one-time grant of a 10-year option to purchase 1,667 shares of our common stock, under the Company's 2015 Stock Plan, with 4-year annual vesting and an exercise price equal to the closing price of our common stock on the date of the grant. In addition, we agreed to pay Dr. Waymack a fee of $4,000 per month. We entered into a SAB agreement with Dr. Priebe in March 2020, as described in the "Related Party Transactions" section below.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

In connection with the acquisition of Moleculin, LLC, we also negotiated on behalf of Moleculin, LLC two agreements with Houston Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("HPI"). Waldemar Priebe is a shareholder of HPI, and Dr. Priebe's spouse has the voting and dispositive power over our shares held by HPI. Under the first agreement, HPI’s option to obtain an exclusive sublicense was terminated in exchange for a payment of $100,000 and the issuance of 104,834 shares of our common stock, valued at $36 per share. Under the second agreement (HPI Out-Licensing Agreement), HPI received a non-exclusive technology rights and development sublicense under which it continued its ongoing work to develop the WP1066 Portfolio related to treatment of non-skin cancer. Pursuant to this HPI Out-Licensing Agreement, we agreed to make payments to HPI totaling $750,000 over a three-year period. Of this amount, all has been paid as of December 31, 2021. We expensed such costs as incurred as research and development expense, commencing after the IPO offering in exchange for HPI allowing us to access any data, information or know-how resulting from the research and development conducted by HPI. Pursuant to the HPI Out-Licensing Agreement, we had the right within three years of the effective date to buy-out from HPI all rights granted to HPI under the agreement for a payment of $1.0 million. The option repurchase payment was paid on April 30, 2019 for $1.0 million and, accordingly, the HPI Out-Licensing Agreement was terminated.

In August 2019, we entered into a sublease with HPI, pursuant to which we granted HPI access to our lab space in exchange for HPI agreeing to pay us 50% of the rent payable under our lease for such lab space. In March 2020, we entered into an agreement with HPI pursuant to which we were permitted to utilize the lab equipment owned or leased by HPI that is located in our lab space in exchange for paying $15,000 to HPI each quarter plus a one-time payment of $20,000. In March 2020, we entered into a consulting agreement, which is terminable on ten days’ notice by either party, with HPI pursuant to which HPI will continue to assist us with research and development. Pursuant to the consulting agreement, we made a one-time payment to HPI of $50,000 and we pay HPI $43,500 per quarter for services.

In March 2020, we entered into a scientific advisory board member agreement with Dr. Waldemar Priebe, our co-founder, pursuant to which we agreed to pay Dr. Priebe an annual amount of $68,500.

In August 2021, we entered into a portfolio development advisory agreement with an entity affiliated with Dr. Priebe. In connection with the services to be provided pursuant to the agreement, we agreed to issueissued the entity a ten-year warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $3.08, which was equal to the market price of our common stock on the effective date of the agreement. The warrant vestvested as follows: (a) 50% vestsvested upon execution of the agreement, provided the advisor does not terminate the agreement prior to the end of the one-year term; and (b) 50% vestsvested 60 days after the end of the one-year term, subject to our Board of Directors determining that the services to be provided have been adequately performed (which determination occurred); provided that the warrant shall vest in full upon a change of control event.

In September 2022, we entered into a portfolio development advisory agreement with an entity affiliated with Dr. Priebe. In connection with the agreement, we issued the entity a ten-year warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $1.24. The warrant vests as follows: (a) 50% vests upon execution of the agreement, provided the advisor does not terminate the agreement prior to the first anniversary of the agreement; and (b) 50% vests 60 days after the end of the one-year term, subject to the our Board of Directors determining that the services provided have been adequately performed; provided that the warrant shall vest in full upon a change of control event.

We currently employ Lindsay Picker, the daughter of DonaldDr. Picker, our president and chief operating officer, as a clinical research associate on an at-will basisbasis. Ms. Picker's total compensation is less than $120,000.

In February 2019, we entered into a sublicense agreement with WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Priebe is affiliated with WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In March 2023, we and WPD agreed to terminate the sublicense agreement. Pursuant to the termination, we agreed to pay WPD (or its designees) $700,000 in cash and shares of our common stock valued at an annual salary$800,000. In connection with the termination, WPD agreed to assign all of $82,512.its rights and obligations to us related to the Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of Annamycin for the treatment of STS lung metastases being conducted at Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute. With the termination of the WPD sublicense agreement, we now hold the worldwide rights to all of our licensed intellectual property, other than the rights related to non-human animals.

In February 2019, we entered into sublicense agreementsagreement with WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Animal Lifesciences, LLC. Dr. Priebe is affiliated with both WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Animal Lifesciences, LLC. For more information on the terms of these agreements,this agreement, please see Item 1 - Business-Our Licensing Agreements in theour Form 10-K you received along with this proxy statement. In addition, Dr. Picker and Dr. Silberman have in the past performed consulting work for WPD Pharmaceuticals.10-K.

In August 2018, CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. entered into sublicense agreements with WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Animal Lifesciences, LLC pursuant to which CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. licensed the rights to their lead drug candidate, Berubicin, an anthracycline. Mr. Climaco is the chief executive officer of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Drs.Dr. Picker and Silberman areis the part-time chief science officer and chief medical officer for CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In addition, Dr. Picker was previously a director of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Priebe is the founder of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

We have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, in addition to the indemnification provided for in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify our directors and executive officers for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by a director or executive officer in any action or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or executive officers or as a director or executive officer of any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. We believe that these charter provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.

The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and our stockholders. A stockholder’s investment may decline in value to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party TransactionsElizabeth Cermak

2022

$

56,250

$

47,192

$

103,442

(1)          Represents the full grant date fair value of the option award our board approved and granted to each non-employee director, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that may be realized by the director. For a summary of the assumptions made in the valuation of the awards, please see Note 6 to our financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2022 included in the Form 10-K provided to you along with this proxy statement. As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate number of shares outstanding under all options to purchase our common stock held by our non-employee directors were: Mr. Cannon - 65,001 shares; Mr. George - 65,001 shares; Mr. Climaco - 62,501 shares, Ms. Cermak - 55,000 shares, and Ms. Yan - 45,000 shares. None of our non-employee directors held stock awards other than options as of December 31, 2022.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information regarding our equity compensation plans at December 31, 2022: 

(1) Represents shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options under our current 2015 Stock Plan.

(2) Consists of warrants issued to consultants for services.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In August 2019, we entered into a sublease with HPI, pursuant to which we granted HPI access to our lab space in exchange for HPI agreeing to pay us 50% of the rent payable under our lease for such lab space. In March 2020, we entered into an agreement with HPI pursuant to which we were permitted to utilize the lab equipment owned or leased by HPI that is located in our lab space in exchange for paying $15,000 to HPI each quarter plus a one-time payment of $20,000. In March 2020, we entered into a consulting agreement, which is terminable on ten days’ notice by either party, with HPI pursuant to which HPI will continue to assist us with research and development. Pursuant to the consulting agreement, we made a one-time payment to HPI of $50,000 and we pay HPI $43,500 per quarter for services.

In March 2020, we entered into a scientific advisory board member agreement with Dr. Waldemar Priebe, our co-founder, pursuant to which we agreed to pay Dr. Priebe an annual amount of $68,500.

In August 2021, we entered into a portfolio development advisory agreement with an entity affiliated with Dr. Priebe. In connection with the services to be provided pursuant to the agreement, we issued the entity a ten-year warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $3.08, which was equal to the market price of our common stock on the effective date of the agreement. The warrant vested as follows: (a) 50% vested upon execution of the agreement, provided the advisor does not terminate the agreement prior to the end of the one-year term; and (b) 50% vested 60 days after the end of the one-year term, subject to our Board of Directors determining that the services to be provided have been adequately performed (which determination occurred); provided that the warrant shall vest in full upon a change of control event.

In September 2022, we entered into a portfolio development advisory agreement with an entity affiliated with Dr. Priebe. In connection with the agreement, we issued the entity a ten-year warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $1.24. The warrant vests as follows: (a) 50% vests upon execution of the agreement, provided the advisor does not terminate the agreement prior to the first anniversary of the agreement; and (b) 50% vests 60 days after the end of the one-year term, subject to the our Board of Directors determining that the services provided have been adequately performed; provided that the warrant shall vest in full upon a change of control event.

We currently employ Lindsay Picker, the daughter of Dr. Picker, our president and chief operating officer, as a clinical research associate on an at-will basis. Ms. Picker's total compensation is less than $120,000.

In February 2019, we entered into a sublicense agreement with WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Priebe is affiliated with WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In March 2023, we and WPD agreed to terminate the sublicense agreement. Pursuant to the termination, we agreed to pay WPD (or its designees) $700,000 in cash and shares of our common stock valued at $800,000. In connection with the termination, WPD agreed to assign all of its rights and obligations to us related to the Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of Annamycin for the treatment of STS lung metastases being conducted at Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute. With the termination of the WPD sublicense agreement, we now hold the worldwide rights to all of our licensed intellectual property, other than the rights related to non-human animals.

In February 2019, we entered into sublicense agreement with Animal Lifesciences, LLC. Dr. Priebe is affiliated with Animal Lifesciences, LLC. For more information on the terms of this agreement, please see Item 1 - Business-Our Licensing Agreements in our Form 10-K.

In August 2018, CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. entered into sublicense agreements with WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Animal Lifesciences, LLC pursuant to which CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. licensed the rights to their lead drug candidate, Berubicin, an anthracycline. Mr. Climaco is the chief executive officer of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Dr. Picker is the part-time chief science officer for CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In addition, Dr. Picker was previously a director of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Priebe is the founder of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

We have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, in addition to the indemnification provided for in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify our directors and executive officers for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by a director or executive officer in any action or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or executive officers or as a director or executive officer of any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. We believe that these charter provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.

The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and our stockholders. A stockholder’s investment may decline in value to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

Our audit committee charter provides that our audit committee is responsible for reviewing and approving in advance any related party transaction. This will cover, with certain exceptions set forth in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, any transaction, arrangement or relationship, or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships in which we were or will be a participant to, where the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years, and a related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, including, without limitation, purchases of goods or services by or from the related person or entities in which the related person has a material interest, indebtedness, guarantees of indebtedness and employment by us of a related person. In determining whether to approve a proposed transaction, our audit committee will consider all relevant facts and circumstances including: (i) the materiality and character of the related party’s direct or indirect interest; (ii) the commercial reasonableness of the terms; (iii) the benefit or perceived benefit, or lack thereof, to us; (iv) the opportunity cost of alternate transactions; and (v) the actual or apparent conflict of interest of the related party.

PROPOSAL 1:

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Our Board of Directors currently consists of six members: Walter V. Klemp, Robert George, John Climaco, Michael Cannon, Elizabeth Cermak, and Joy Yan. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominated and the Board approved and recommended all of the current members of our Board for re-election. All nominees have consented to being named herein and have indicated their intention to serve as our directors, if elected. The Board has no reason to believe that any nominee would be unable or unwilling to serve if elected. Unless authority to do so is withheld, the persons named as proxies will vote the shares represented by such proxies for the election of the named director nominees. In case any of the nominees becomes unavailable for election to the Board the persons named as proxies will have full discretion and authority to vote or refrain from voting for any other nominees in accordance with their judgment. The Board nominees, if elected, will serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until each successor is duly elected and qualified.

Biographical information for our directors is provided above in the section entitled “Information About Directors and Executive Officers.”

Vote Required and Recommendation of the Board of Directors

A plurality of the eligible votes cast is required to elect director nominees, and as such, the six nominees who receive the greatest number of votes cast by stockholders, entitled to vote at the meeting, will be elected. A nominee who receives a plurality means he or she has received more votes than any other nominee for the same director’s seat. Broker non-votes will have no effect on this proposal. The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR each of the sixnominees for election to our Board of Directors.

PROPOSAL 2:

TO RATIFY THE APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Our Audit Committee has selected Grant Thornton LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. Our stockholders are being asked to ratify this appointment. In the event that ratification of this selection of auditors is not approved by the stockholders, we will reassess our selection of auditors. Representatives of Grant Thornton LLP are expected to be present at the Annual Meeting, will be available to respond to appropriate questions, and will have the opportunity to make a statement at the Annual Meeting.

Aggregate fees for professional services rendered by Grant Thornton, LLP for their services for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, were as follows:

Audit Fees

Audit fees represent the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our independent accounting firm for the audit of our annual financial statements, review of financial statements included in our quarterly reports, review of registration statements or services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.

Audit-Related Fees

Audit-related fees represent the aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under Audit Fees.

Tax Fees

Tax fees represent the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal accountants for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning for such years.

All Other Fees

All other fees represent the aggregate fees billed for products and services other than the services reported in the other categories.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee on an annual basis reviews audit and non-audit services performed by the independent auditors. All audit and non-audit services are pre-approved by the Audit Committee, which considers, among other things, the possible effect of the performance of such services on the auditors’ independence.

Vote Required and Recommendation of the Board of Directors

The approval of Proposal 2 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the proposal, and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal. The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR the ratification of the appointment of Grant Thornton, LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December31, 2022.

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT

The Audit Committee assists the Board of Directors with its oversight responsibilities regarding the Company’s financial reporting process. The Company’s management is responsible for the preparation, presentation and integrity of the Company’s financial statements and the reporting process, including the Company’s accounting policies, internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Grant Thornton LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, is responsible for performing an audit of the Company’s financial statements.

We have reviewed and discussed with management and Grant Thornton LLP the Company’s audited financial statements. We discussed with Grant Thornton LLP the overall scope and plans of their audit. We met with Grant Thornton LLP, with and without management present, to discuss the results of its examinations, its evaluation of the Company’s internal controls, and the overall quality of the Company’s financial reporting.

With regard to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Audit Committee (i) reviewed and discussed with management the Company’s audited financial statements as of December 31, 2021, and for the year then ended; (ii) discussed with Grant Thornton LLP the matters required by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) received the written disclosures and the letter from Grant Thornton LLP required by applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding Grant Thornton LLP’s communications with the Audit Committee regarding independence; and (iv) discussed with Grant Thornton LLP their independence.

Based on the review and discussions described above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Company’s Board of Directors that the Company’s audited financial statements be included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Robert George (Chairperson)

Michael Cannon

John Climaco

Elizabeth Cermak

2022

$

PROPOSAL 3: TO APPROVE AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER THE 2015 STOCK PLAN.56,250

$

47,192

In March $

103,442

Overview

The 2015 Plan was originally adopted by our Board and stockholders in connection with our initial public offering and became effective in December 2015. Equity awards have been historically and, we believe, will continue to be, an integral component of our overall compensation program for our employees, directors and consultants. Approval of the share increase will allow us to continue to grant equity awards at levels we determine to be appropriate in order to attract new employees and directors, retain our existing employees and directors and to provide incentives for such persons to exert maximum efforts for our success. The share increase will allow us to continue to utilize a broad array of equity incentives with flexibility in designing equity incentives, including stock option grants, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, and stock unit awards.

We believe it is critical for our long-term success that the interests of our employees and directors are tied to our success as “owners” of our business. The equity incentive programs we have in place are intended to build stockholder value by attracting and retaining talented employees and directors. We believe we must continue to offer competitive equity compensation packages in order to retain and motivate the talent necessary for our continued growth and success. We carefully monitor the equity compensation and equity holdings of our employees, directors and consultants as well as the type of equity awards we grant to ensure these awards continue to provide incentives for the recipients to work towards our success. To date, stock options and restricted stock units have been the sole component of our equity program. The potential value of stock options is realized only if our share price increases, and so stock options provide a strong incentive for individuals to work to build stockholder value.

As of the Record Date, we had 19,961 shares remaining available for grant under the 2015 Plan. There are a total of 1,460,019 stock awards outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $8.35 per share. We have and we expect to continue to experience growth in personnel as we progress our business and advance our drug candidates through clinical trials. If our stockholders do not approve the amendment to 2015 Plan, as amended, we believe that we will be unable to successfully use equity as part of our compensation program, as most of our competitors in the industry do, putting us at a significant disadvantage. Therefore, we believe that approval of this request is in the best interest of our stockholders and our company.

Key Features Designed to Protect Stockholders’ Interests

The design of the 2015 Plan reflects our commitment to corporate governance and the desire to preserve stockholder value as demonstrated by the following features of the plan:

Independent administrator. The compensation committee of the board of directors, which is comprised solely of non-employee directors, administers the 2015 Plan.

No evergreen feature. The maximum number of shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan is fixed and cannot be increased without stockholder approval.

Repricing prohibited. Stockholder approval is required for any repricing of any stock options or stock appreciation rights.

Limitations on Dividend Payments on Awards. Dividends and dividend equivalents on all stock units and stock awards are paid only to the extent the awards vest, and no dividends or dividend equivalents are ever paid on stock options or stock appreciation rights.

No discount awards; maximum term specified. Stock options and stock appreciation rights must have an exercise price or base price no less than the fair market value on the date the award is granted and a term no longer than ten years’ duration.

Award design flexibility. Different kinds of awards may be granted under the 2015 Plan, giving us the flexibility to design our equity incentives to compliment the other elements of compensation and to support the attainment of our strategic goals.

Share counting. The number of shares available for grant under the 2015 Plan is reduced by the gross number of shares subject to awards, and shares withheld for taxes in connection with awards or tendered in payment of an option’s exercise price cannot be used for future grants.

Non-employee director limits. The 2015 Plan contains a limit on the compensation that may be paid to any non-employee member of our Board in any calendar year.

No tax gross-ups. The 2015 Plan does not provide for tax gross-ups.

Fixed term. The 2015 Plan has a fixed term of ten years from its initial effective date, or December 1, 2025.

Description of the 2015 Plan

The 2015 Plan is a stock-based compensation plan that provides for discretionary grants of stock options, stock awards, stock unit awards and stock appreciation rights to key employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The material features of the 2015 Plan are outlined below. The following description of the 2015 Plan is a summary only and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the 2015 Plan. Stockholders are urged to read the actual text of the 2015 Plan in its entirety, which is appended to this Proxy Statement as Annex B.

Administration. The 2015 Plan is administered by our compensation committee of the board of directors (we refer to the body administering the 2015 Plan as the "Committee"). The Committee, which is comprised of directors who satisfy the non-employee director definition under Rule 16b-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, has full authority to select the individuals who will receive awards under the 2015 Plan, determine the form and amount of each of the awards to be granted and establish the terms and conditions of awards.

Limit on Non-Employee Director Compensation. Under the 2015 Plan, the following limits apply to non-employee directors. The aggregate value of all compensation granted or paid, as applicable, to any individual for service as a non-employee director with respect to any calendar year, including awards granted under the 2015 Plan and cash fees paid to such non-employee director, will not exceed $300,000 in total value. For purposes of these limitations, the value of awards is calculated based on the grant date fair value of such awards for financial reporting purposes.

Number of Shares of Common Stock. As of the Record Date, 19,961 shares remain available for issuance under the 2015 Plan, which currently provides for up to 1,750,001 shares to be issued. If this proposal is approved, the number of shares of the common stock that may be issued under the 2015 Plan will be 3,750,000 (this includes the 2,000,000 share increase being requested in this proxy statement), of which 2,019,961 shares will be available for future issuance.

Shares issuable under the 2015 Plan may be authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares. If there is a lapse, forfeiture, expiration, termination or cancellation of any award made under the Amended 2015 Plan for any reason, the shares subject to the award will again be available for issuance. Any shares subject to an award that are delivered to us by a participant, or withheld by us on behalf of a participant, as payment for an award or payment of withholding taxes due in connection with an award will not again be available for issuance, and all such shares will count toward the number of shares issued under the 2015 Plan. The number of shares of common stock issuable under the 2015 Plan is subject to adjustment, in the event of any reorganization, recapitalization, stock split, stock distribution, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, subdivision, consolidation or exchange of shares, any change in the capital structure of the company or any similar corporate transaction. In each case, the Committee has the discretion to make adjustments it deems necessary to preserve the intended benefits under the 2015 Plan. No award granted under the 2015 Plan may be transferred, except by will, the laws of descent and distribution.

Eligibility. All employees designated as key employees for purposes of the 2015 Plan, all non-employee directors and consultants are eligible to receive awards under the 2015 Plan. As of March 28,$33,534$54,911$88,445

(1)          Represents the full grant date fair value of the option award our board approved and granted to each non-employee director, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that may be realized by the director. For a summary of the assumptions made in the valuation of the awards, please see Note 6 to our financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2022 included in the Form 10-K provided to you along with this proxy statement. As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate number of shares outstanding under all options to purchase our common stock held by our non-employee directors were: Mr. Cannon - 65,001 shares; Mr. George - 65,001 shares; Mr. Climaco - 62,501 shares, Ms. Cermak - 55,000 shares, and Ms. Yan - 45,000 shares. None of our non-employee directors held stock awards other than options as of December 31, 2022.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information regarding our equity compensation plans at December 31, 2022: 

(1) Represents shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options under our current 2015 Stock Plan.

(2) Consists of warrants issued to consultants for services.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In August 2019, we entered into a sublease with HPI, pursuant to which we granted HPI access to our lab space in exchange for HPI agreeing to pay us 50% of the rent payable under our lease for such lab space. In March 2020, we entered into an agreement with HPI pursuant to which we were permitted to utilize the lab equipment owned or leased by HPI that is located in our lab space in exchange for paying $15,000 to HPI each quarter plus a one-time payment of $20,000. In March 2020, we entered into a consulting agreement, which is terminable on ten days’ notice by either party, with HPI pursuant to which HPI will continue to assist us with research and development. Pursuant to the consulting agreement, we made a one-time payment to HPI of $50,000 and we pay HPI $43,500 per quarter for services.

In March 2020, we entered into a scientific advisory board member agreement with Dr. Waldemar Priebe, our co-founder, pursuant to which we agreed to pay Dr. Priebe an annual amount of $68,500.

In August 2021, we entered into a portfolio development advisory agreement with an entity affiliated with Dr. Priebe. In connection with the services to be provided pursuant to the agreement, we issued the entity a ten-year warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $3.08, which was equal to the market price of our common stock on the effective date of the agreement. The warrant vested as follows: (a) 50% vested upon execution of the agreement, provided the advisor does not terminate the agreement prior to the end of the one-year term; and (b) 50% vested 60 days after the end of the one-year term, subject to our Board of Directors determining that the services to be provided have been adequately performed (which determination occurred); provided that the warrant shall vest in full upon a change of control event.

In September 2022, we entered into a portfolio development advisory agreement with an entity affiliated with Dr. Priebe. In connection with the agreement, we issued the entity a ten-year warrant to purchase 250,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $1.24. The warrant vests as follows: (a) 50% vests upon execution of the agreement, provided the advisor does not terminate the agreement prior to the first anniversary of the agreement; and (b) 50% vests 60 days after the end of the one-year term, subject to the our Board of Directors determining that the services provided have been adequately performed; provided that the warrant shall vest in full upon a change of control event.

We currently employ Lindsay Picker, the daughter of Dr. Picker, our president and chief operating officer, as a clinical research associate on an at-will basis. Ms. Picker's total compensation is less than $120,000.

In February 2019, we entered into a sublicense agreement with WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Priebe is affiliated with WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In March 2023, we and WPD agreed to terminate the sublicense agreement. Pursuant to the termination, we agreed to pay WPD (or its designees) $700,000 in cash and shares of our common stock valued at $800,000. In connection with the termination, WPD agreed to assign all of its rights and obligations to us related to the Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of Annamycin for the treatment of STS lung metastases being conducted at Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute. With the termination of the WPD sublicense agreement, we now hold the worldwide rights to all of our licensed intellectual property, other than the rights related to non-human animals.

In February 2019, we entered into sublicense agreement with Animal Lifesciences, LLC. Dr. Priebe is affiliated with Animal Lifesciences, LLC. For more information on the terms of this agreement, please see Item 1 - Business-Our Licensing Agreements in our Form 10-K.

In August 2018, CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. entered into sublicense agreements with WPD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Animal Lifesciences, LLC pursuant to which CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. licensed the rights to their lead drug candidate, Berubicin, an anthracycline. Mr. Climaco is the chief executive officer of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Dr. Picker is the part-time chief science officer for CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In addition, Dr. Picker was previously a director of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Priebe is the founder of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

We have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, in addition to the indemnification provided for in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify our directors and executive officers for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by a director or executive officer in any action or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or executive officers or as a director or executive officer of any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. We believe that these charter provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.

The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and our stockholders. A stockholder’s investment may decline in value to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

Our audit committee charter provides that our audit committee is responsible for reviewing and approving in advance any related party transaction. This will cover, with certain exceptions set forth in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, any transaction, arrangement or relationship, or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships in which we were or will be a participant to, where the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years, and a related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, including, without limitation, purchases of goods or services by or from the related person or entities in which the related person has a material interest, indebtedness, guarantees of indebtedness and employment by us of a related person. In determining whether to approve a proposed transaction, our audit committee will consider all relevant facts and circumstances including: (i) the materiality and character of the related party’s direct or indirect interest; (ii) the commercial reasonableness of the terms; (iii) the benefit or perceived benefit, or lack thereof, to us; (iv) the opportunity cost of alternate transactions; and (v) the actual or apparent conflict of interest of the related party.

PROPOSAL 1:

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Our Board of Directors currently consists of six members: Walter V. Klemp, Robert George, John Climaco, Michael Cannon, Elizabeth Cermak, and Joy Yan. The Nominating and Governance Committee nominated and the Board approved and recommended all of the current members of our Board for re-election. All nominees have consented to being named herein and have indicated their intention to serve as our directors, if elected. The Board has no reason to believe that any nominee would be unable or unwilling to serve if elected. Unless authority to do so is withheld, the persons named as proxies will vote the shares represented by such proxies for the election of the named director nominees. In case any of the nominees becomes unavailable for election to the Board the persons named as proxies will have full discretion and authority to vote or refrain from voting for any other nominees in accordance with their judgment. The Board nominees, if elected, will serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until each successor is duly elected and qualified.

Biographical information for our directors is provided above in the section entitled “Information About Directors and Executive Officers.”

Vote Required and Recommendation of the Board of Directors

A plurality of the votes cast is required to elect director nominees, and as such, the six nominees who receive the greatest number of votes cast by stockholders, entitled to vote at the meeting, will be elected. A nominee who receives a plurality means he or she has received more votes than any other nominee for the same director’s seat. Broker non-votes will have no effect on this proposal. The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR each of the sixnominees for election to our Board of Directors.

PROPOSAL 2:

TO RATIFY THE APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Our Audit Committee has selected Grant Thornton LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. Our stockholders are being asked to ratify this appointment. In the event that ratification of this selection of auditors is not approved by the stockholders, we will reassess our selection of auditors. Representatives of Grant Thornton LLP are expected to be present at the Annual Meeting, will be available to respond to appropriate questions, and will have the opportunity to make a statement at the Annual Meeting.

Aggregate fees for professional services rendered by Grant Thornton, LLP for their services for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were as follows: 

Audit Fees

Audit fees represent the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our independent accounting firm for the audit of our annual financial statements, review of financial statements included in our quarterly reports, review of registration statements or services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.

Audit-Related Fees

Audit-related fees represent the aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under Audit Fees.

Tax Fees

Tax fees represent the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal accountants for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning for such years.

All Other Fees

All other fees represent the aggregate fees billed for products and services other than the services reported in the other categories.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee on an annual basis reviews audit and non-audit services performed by the independent auditors. All audit and non-audit services are pre-approved by the Audit Committee, which considers, among other things, the possible effect of the performance of such services on the auditors’ independence.

Vote Required and Recommendation of the Board of Directors

The approval of Proposal 2 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the proposal, and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal. The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR the ratification of the appointment of Grant Thornton, LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December31, 2023.

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT

The Audit Committee assists the Board of Directors with its oversight responsibilities regarding the Company’s financial reporting process. The Company’s management is responsible for the preparation, presentation and integrity of the Company’s financial statements and the reporting process, including the Company’s accounting policies, internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Grant Thornton LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, is responsible for performing an audit of the Company’s financial statements.

We have reviewed and discussed with management and Grant Thornton LLP the Company’s audited financial statements. We discussed with Grant Thornton LLP the overall scope and plans of their audit. We met with Grant Thornton LLP, with and without management present, to discuss the results of its examinations, its evaluation of the Company’s internal controls, and the overall quality of the Company’s financial reporting.

With regard to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Audit Committee (i) reviewed and discussed with management the Company’s audited financial statements as of December 31, 2022, and for the year then ended; (ii) discussed with Grant Thornton LLP the matters required by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) received the written disclosures and the letter from Grant Thornton LLP required by applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding Grant Thornton LLP’s communications with the Audit Committee regarding independence; and (iv) discussed with Grant Thornton LLP their independence.

Based on the review and discussions described above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Company’s Board of Directors that the Company’s audited financial statements be included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Robert George (Chairperson)

Michael Cannon

John Climaco

Elizabeth Cermak

PROPOSAL 3: TO APPROVE AMENDMENTS TO THE 2015 STOCK PLAN INCLUDING AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER THE 2015 STOCK PLAN.

In April 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board approved an amendment to the Moleculin Biotech, Inc. 2015 Stock Plan (the “2015 Plan”) to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2015 Plan by 1,750,000 shares and to modify the maximum annual limits on awards issuable under the 2015 Plan. These amendments require stockholder approval, which the Company is seeking at this stockholders’ meeting.

Overview

The 2015 Plan was originally adopted by our Board and stockholders in connection with our initial public offering and became effective in December 2015. Equity awards have been historically and, we believe, will continue to be, an integral component of our overall compensation program for our employees, directors and consultants. Approval of the share increase will allow us to continue to grant equity awards at levels we determine to be appropriate in order to attract new employees and directors, retain our existing employees and directors and to provide incentives for such persons to exert maximum efforts for our success. The share increase will allow us to continue to utilize a broad array of equity incentives with flexibility in designing equity incentives, including stock option grants, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, and stock unit awards.

The 2015 Plan as currently in effect limits the maximum number of shares of common stock as to which any one recipient may receive stock options or stock appreciation rights in any calendar year to 225,000 shares; and limits the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be used for stock awards and/or stock unit awards that may be granted to any one recipient in any calendar year to 225,000 shares, or, in the event the award is settled in cash, an amount equal to the fair market value of such number of shares on the date on which the award is settled. The amended 2015 Plan contains a limit on the number of shares of common stock as to which any one recipient may receive stock options or stock appreciation rights in any calendar year to $1.0 million in total value (calculating the value of any such awards based on the grant date fair value of such awards for financial reporting purposes). In addition, the amended 2015 Plan contains a limit on the number of shares of common stock that may be used for stock awards and/or stock unit awards to any one recipient in any calendar year to $1.0 million in total value (calculating the value of any such awards based on the grant date fair value of such awards for financial reporting purposes). We believe this modification will prevent the volatility of our stock price from effecting our ability to plan future awards.

We believe it is critical for our long-term success that the interests of our employees and directors are tied to our success as “owners” of our business. The equity incentive programs we have in place are intended to build stockholder value by attracting and retaining talented employees and directors. We believe we must continue to offer competitive equity compensation packages in order to retain and motivate the talent necessary for our continued growth and success. We carefully monitor the equity compensation and equity holdings of our employees, directors and consultants as well as the type of equity awards we grant to ensure these awards continue to provide incentives for the recipients to work towards our success. To date, stock options and restricted stock units have been the sole component of our equity program. The potential value of stock options is realized only if our share price increases, and so stock options provide a strong incentive for individuals to work to build stockholder value.

As of the Record Date, we had 752,296 shares remaining available for grant under the 2015 Plan. There are a total of 2,882,822 stock awards outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $4.60 per share. We have and we expect to continue to experience growth in personnel as we progress our business and advance our drug candidates through clinical trials. If our stockholders do not approve the amendment to 2015 Plan, as amended, we believe that we will be unable to successfully use equity as part of our compensation program, as most of our competitors in the industry do, putting us at a significant disadvantage. Therefore, we believe that approval of this request is in the best interest of our stockholders and our company.

Key Features Designed to Protect Stockholders’ Interests

The design of the 2015 Plan reflects our commitment to corporate governance and the desire to preserve stockholder value as demonstrated by the following features of the plan:

Independent administrator. The compensation committee of the board of directors, which is comprised solely of non-employee directors, administers the 2015 Plan.

No evergreen feature. The maximum number of shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan is fixed and cannot be increased without stockholder approval.

Repricing prohibited. Stockholder approval is required for any repricing of any stock options or stock appreciation rights.

Limitations on Dividend Payments on Awards. Dividends and dividend equivalents on all stock units and stock awards are paid only to the extent the awards vest, and no dividends or dividend equivalents are ever paid on stock options or stock appreciation rights.

No discount awards; maximum term specified. Stock options and stock appreciation rights must have an exercise price or base price no less than the fair market value on the date the award is granted and a term no longer than ten years’ duration.

Award design flexibility. Different kinds of awards may be granted under the 2015 Plan, giving us the flexibility to design our equity incentives to compliment the other elements of compensation and to support the attainment of our strategic goals.

Share counting. The number of shares available for grant under the 2015 Plan is reduced by the gross number of shares subject to awards, and shares withheld for taxes in connection with awards or tendered in payment of an option’s exercise price cannot be used for future grants.

Non-employee director limits. The 2015 Plan contains a limit on the compensation that may be paid to any non-employee member of our Board in any calendar year.

No tax gross-ups. The 2015 Plan does not provide for tax gross-ups.

Fixed term. The 2015 Plan has a fixed term of ten years from its initial effective date, or December 1, 2025.

Description of the 2015 Plan

The 2015 Plan is a stock-based compensation plan that provides for discretionary grants of stock options, stock awards, stock unit awards and stock appreciation rights to key employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The material features of the 2015 Plan are outlined below. The following description of the 2015 Plan is a summary only and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the 2015 Plan. Stockholders are urged to read the actual text of the 2015 Plan in its entirety, which is appended to this Proxy Statement as Annex A.

Administration. The 2015 Plan is administered by our compensation committee of the board of directors (we refer to the body administering the 2015 Plan as the "Committee"). The Committee, which is comprised of directors who satisfy the non-employee director definition under Rule 16b-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, has full authority to select the individuals who will receive awards under the 2015 Plan, determine the form and amount of each of the awards to be granted and establish the terms and conditions of awards.

Limit on Non-Employee Director Compensation. Under the 2015 Plan, the following limits apply to non-employee directors. The aggregate value of all compensation granted or paid, as applicable, to any individual for service as a non-employee director with respect to any calendar year, including awards granted under the 2015 Plan and cash fees paid to such non-employee director, will not exceed $300,000 in total value. For purposes of these limitations, the value of awards is calculated based on the grant date fair value of such awards for financial reporting purposes.

Number of Shares of Common Stock. As of the Record Date, 752,296 shares remain available for issuance under the 2015 Plan, which currently provides for up to 3,750,000 shares to be issued. If this proposal is approved, the number of shares of the common stock that may be issued under the 2015 Plan will be 5,500,000 (this includes the 1,750,000 share increase being requested in this proxy statement), of which 2,502,296 shares will be available for future issuance.

Shares issuable under the 2015 Plan may be authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares. If there is a lapse, forfeiture, expiration, termination or cancellation of any award made under the Amended 2015 Plan for any reason, the shares subject to the award will again be available for issuance. Any shares subject to an award that are delivered to us by a participant, or withheld by us on behalf of a participant, as payment for an award or payment of withholding taxes due in connection with an award will not again be available for issuance, and all such shares will count toward the number of shares issued under the 2015 Plan. The number of shares of common stock issuable under the 2015 Plan is subject to adjustment, in the event of any reorganization, recapitalization, stock split, stock distribution, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, subdivision, consolidation or exchange of shares, any change in the capital structure of the company or any similar corporate transaction. In each case, the Committee has the discretion to make adjustments it deems necessary to preserve the intended benefits under the 2015 Plan. No award granted under the 2015 Plan may be transferred, except by will, the laws of descent and distribution.

Eligibility. All employees designated as key employees for purposes of the 2015 Plan, all non-employee directors and consultants are eligible to receive awards under the 2015 Plan. As of March 27, 2023, 19 employees and all 6 non-employee directors were eligible to participate in the 2015 Plan. 

Awards to Participants. The 2015 Plan provides for discretionary awards of stock options, stock awards, stock unit awards and stock appreciation rights to participants. Each award made under the 2015 Plan will be evidenced by a written award agreement specifying the terms and conditions of the award as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, consistent with the terms of the 2015 Plan.

Stock Options. The Committee has the discretion to grant non-qualified stock options or incentive stock options to participants and to set the terms and conditions applicable to the options, including the type of option, the number of shares subject to the option and the vesting schedule; provided that the exercise price of each stock option will be the closing price of the common stock on the date on which the option is granted ("fair market value"), each option will expire ten years from the date of grant and no dividend equivalents may be paid with respect to stock options.

In addition, an incentive stock option granted to a key employee is subject to the following rules: (i) the aggregate fair market value (determined at the time the option is granted) of the shares of common stock with respect to which incentive stock options are exercisable for the first time by a key employee during any calendar year (under all incentive stock option plans of the company and its subsidiaries) cannot exceed $100,000, and if this limitation is exceeded, that portion of the incentive stock option that does not exceed the applicable dollar limit will be an incentive stock option and the remainder will be a non-qualified stock option; (ii) if an incentive stock option is granted to a key employee who owns stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all class of stock of the company, the exercise price of the incentive stock option will be 110% of the closing price of the common stock on the date of grant and the incentive stock option will expire no later than five years from the date of grant; and (iii) no incentive stock option can be granted after ten years from the initial effective date of the 2015 Plan.

Stock Appreciation Rights. The Committee has the discretion to grant stock appreciation rights to participants. The Committee determines the exercise price for a stock appreciation right, which cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Upon the exercise of a stock appreciation right, we will pay the participant in common stock or in cash, at our discretion, an amount equal to the product of (1) the excess of the per share fair market value of our common stock on the date of exercise over the exercise price, multiplied by (2) the number of shares of common stock with respect to which the stock appreciation right is exercised. The Committee has the discretion to set the terms and conditions applicable to the award, including the number of shares subject to the stock appreciation right and the vesting schedule, provided that each stock appreciation right will expire not more than ten years from the date of grant and no dividends or dividend equivalents shall be paid with respect to any stock appreciation right prior to the exercise of the stock appreciation right.

Stock Awards. The Committee has the discretion to grant stock awards to participants. Stock awards will consist of shares of common stock granted without any consideration from the participant or shares sold to the participant for appropriate consideration as determined by the Board. The number of shares awarded to each participant, and the restrictions, terms and conditions of the award, will be at the discretion of the Committee. Subject to the restrictions, a participant will be a shareholder with respect to the shares awarded to him or her and will have the rights of a shareholder with respect to the shares, including the right to vote the shares and receive dividends on the shares; provided that dividends otherwise payable on any stock award subject to restrictions will be held by us and will be paid to the holder of the stock award only to the extent the restrictions on such stock award lapse.

Stock Units. The Committee has the discretion to grant stock unit awards to participants. Each stock unit entitles the participant to receive, on a specified date or event set forth in the award agreement, one share of common stock or cash equal to the fair market value of one share on such date or event, as provided in the award agreement. The number of stock units awarded to each participant, and the terms and conditions of the award, will be at the discretion of the Committee. Unless otherwise specified in the award agreement, a participant will not be a shareholder with respect to the stock units awarded to him prior to the date they are settled in shares of common stock. The award agreement may provide that until the restrictions on the stock units lapse, the participant will be paid an amount equal to the dividends that would have been paid had the stock units been actual shares; provided that such dividend equivalents will be held by us and paid only to the extent the restrictions lapse.

Award Limits. The 2015 Plan as currently in effect limits the maximum number of shares of common stock as to which any one recipient may receive stock options or stock appreciation rights in any calendar year to 225,000 shares; and limits the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be used for stock awards and/or stock unit awards that may be granted to any one recipient in any calendar year to 225,000 shares, or, in the event the award is settled in cash, an amount equal to the fair market value of such number of shares on the date on which the award is settled. The amended 2015 Plan contains a limit on the number of shares of common stock as to which any one recipient may receive stock options or stock appreciation rights in any calendar year to $1.0 million in total value (calculating the value of any such awards based on the grant date fair value of such awards for financial reporting purposes). In addition, the amended 2015 Plan contains a limit on the number of shares of common stock that may be used for stock awards and/or stock unit awards to any one recipient in any calendar year to $1.0 million in total value (calculating the value of any such awards based on the grant date fair value of such awards for financial reporting purposes). We believe this modification will prevent the volatility of our stock price from effecting our ability to plan future awards.

Payment for Stock Options and Withholding Taxes. The Committee may make one or more of the following methods available for payment of any award, including the exercise price of a stock option, and for payment of the tax obligation associated with an award: (i) cash; (ii) cash received from a broker-dealer to whom the holder has submitted an exercise notice together with irrevocable instructions to deliver promptly to us the amount of sales proceeds from the sale of the shares subject to the award to pay the exercise price or withholding tax; (iii) by directing us to withhold shares of common stock otherwise issuable in connection with the award having a fair market value equal to the amount required to be withheld; and (iv) by delivery of previously acquired shares of common stock that are acceptable to the Committee and that have an aggregate fair market value on the date of exercise equal to the exercise price or withholding tax, or certification of ownership by attestation of such previously acquired shares.

Provisions Relating to a "Change in Control" of the Company. Notwithstanding any other provision of the 2015 Plan or any award agreement, in the event of a "Change in Control" of the company, the Committee has the discretion to provide that all outstanding awards will become fully exercisable, all restrictions applicable to all awards will terminate or lapse, and performance goals applicable to any stock awards will be deemed satisfied at the target level. In addition, upon such Change in Control, the Committee has sole discretion to provide for the purchase of any outstanding stock option for cash equal to the difference between the exercise price and the then fair market value of the common stock subject to the option had the option been currently exercisable, make such adjustment to any award then outstanding as the Committee deems appropriate to reflect such Change in Control and cause any such award then outstanding to be assumed by the acquiring or surviving corporation after such Change in Control.

Amendment of Award Agreements; Amendment and Termination of the Amended 2015 Plan; Term of the 2015 Plan. The Committee may amend any award agreement at any time, provided that no amendment may adversely affect the right of any participant under any agreement in any material way without the written consent of the participant, unless such amendment is required by applicable law, regulation or stock exchange rule.

The Board may terminate, suspend or amend the 2015 Plan, in whole or in part, from time to time, without the approval of the stockholders, unless such approval is required by applicable law, regulation or stock exchange rule, and provided that no amendment may adversely affect the right of any participant under any outstanding award in any material way without the written consent of the participant, unless such amendment is required by applicable law, regulation or rule of any stock exchange on which the shares are listed.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the 2015 Plan nor any outstanding award agreement can be amended in a way that results in the repricing of a stock option. Repricing is broadly defined to include reducing the exercise price of a stock option or stock appreciation right or cancelling a stock option or stock appreciation right in exchange for cash, other stock options or stock appreciation rights with a lower exercise price or other stock awards. (This prohibition on repricing without stockholder approval does not apply in case of an equitable adjustment to the awards to reflect changes in the capital structure of the company or similar events.)

No awards may be granted under the 2015 Plan on or after the tenth anniversary of the initial effective date of the 2015 Plan, or December 1, 2025.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

The information set forth below is a summary only and does not purport to be complete. The information is based upon current U.S. federal income tax rules and therefore is subject to change when those rules change. Because the tax consequences to any recipient of an award may depend on his or her particular situation, each recipient should consult the recipient’s tax adviser regarding the federal, state, local, and other tax consequences of the grant or exercise of an award or the disposition of shares acquired as a result of an award. The 2015 Plan will not be qualified under the provisions of section 401(a) of the Code and will not be subject to any of the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

Non-Qualified Stock Options. A participant will not recognize any income at the time of grant. On the date the participant exercises the non-qualified stock option, the participant will recognize ordinary income in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise over the exercise price. The participant will be responsible for remitting to us the withholding tax obligation that arises at the time the option is exercised. We generally will receive a tax deduction for the same amount of ordinary income recognized by the participant. When the participant sells these shares, any gain or loss recognized by the participant is treated as either short-term or long-term capital gain or loss depending on whether the participant has held the shares more than one year.

Incentive Stock Options. A participant will not recognize any income at the time of grant. If the participant is issued shares pursuant to the exercise of an incentive stock option, and if the participant does not make a disqualifying disposition of the shares within one year after the date of exercise or within two years after the date of grant, the participant will not recognize any income, for federal income tax purposes, at the time of the exercise. When the participant sells the shares issued pursuant to the incentive stock option, the participant will be taxed, for federal income tax purposes, as a long-term capital gain on any amount recognized by the participant in excess of the exercise price, and any loss sustained by the participant will be a long-term capital loss. No deduction will be allowed to us for federal income tax purposes. If, however, the participant sells the shares before the expiration of the holding periods, the participant will recognize ordinary income on the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value at exercise, and we generally will receive a tax deduction in the same amount. Upon exercise of an incentive stock option, the excess of the fair market value over the exercise price is an item of tax preference to the participant for purposes of determining the alternative minimum tax.

In order to qualify as an incentive stock option, the option must be exercised within three months after the participant’s termination of employment for any reason other than death or disability and within one year after termination of the participant’s employment due to disability. If the option is not exercised within this time period, it will be treated as a non-qualified stock option and taxed accordingly.

Stock Awards/Stock Units. If a participant receives a stock award, the participant will recognize ordinary income upon becoming entitled to transfer the shares at the end of the restriction period without forfeiture. A participant generally will recognize ordinary income when he receives cash or shares pursuant to the settlement of stock units, provided that if the shares are subject to any further restrictions on transfer, the participant will recognize ordinary income upon becoming entitled to transfer the shares at the end of the restriction period without forfeiture. The amount of income the participant recognizes will be equal to the fair market value of the shares on such date, or the amount of cash received less the amount paid by the participant for the shares. This amount will also be the participant’s tax basis for the shares. The participant will be responsible for remitting to us the withholding tax obligation that arises at the time the ordinary income is recognized. In addition, the holding period begins on the day the restrictions lapse, or the date the shares are received if not subject to any restrictions, for purposes of determining whether the participant has long-term or short-term capital gain or loss on a subsequent sale of the shares. We generally will be entitled to a deduction with respect to the ordinary income recognized by the participant.

If a participant who receives a stock award subject to restrictions makes an election under Section 83(b) of the Code within 30 days after the date of the grant, the participant will have ordinary income equal to the fair market value on the date of grant, less the amount paid by the participant for the shares, and the participant will recognize no additional income until the participant subsequently sells the shares. The participant will be responsible for remitting to us the withholding tax obligation that arises at the time the ordinary income is recognized. When the participant sells the shares, the tax basis will be equal to the fair market value on the date of grant and the holding period for capital gains purposes begins on the date of the grant. If the participant forfeits the shares subject to the Section 83(b) election, the participant will not be entitled to any deduction, refund, or loss for tax purposes (other than a capital loss with respect to the amount previously paid by the participant), and we will have to include the amount that was previously deducted from our gross income in the taxable year of the forfeiture.

Stock Appreciation Rights. A participant will not recognize any income at the time of the grant of a stock appreciation right. Upon exercise of the stock appreciation right, the participant will recognize ordinary income equal to the amount received upon exercise. The participant will be responsible for remitting to us the withholding tax obligation that arises at the time the ordinary income is recognized. We generally will be entitled to a deduction with respect to the ordinary income recognized by the participant.

Awards Granted Under the 2015 Plan

The following awards have been granted under the Plan: 

It is not possible at this time to determine the specific awards that will be made in the future under the 2015 Plan. On March 28, 2022,27, 2023, the last reported sales price for theour common stock was $1.72$0.96 per share.

Vote Required and Recommendation of the Board of Directors

The approval of Proposal 3 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the proposal, and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal. The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR the approval of the share increase under the Company’s 2015 Stock Plan.

PROPOSAL 4:

TO VOTE ON A NON-BINDING, ADVISORY RESOLUTION TO APPROVE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

As required by Section 951 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our Board is requesting stockholders to vote, on a non-binding advisory basis, to approve the compensation paid to our named executive officers, as disclosed in this proxy statement. This proposal, commonly known as a “say-on-pay” proposal, gives stockholders the opportunity to express their views on the compensation of our named executive officers.

This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of our named executive officers and our executive compensation philosophy, policies and practices described in this proxy statement. The overall compensation of our named executive officers subject to the vote is disclosed in this proxy statement in the subsections entitled “Executive Officer Compensation,” “Narrative to Summary Compensation Table,” “Equity Awards,” and “Employment Agreements” in the section entitled “Compensation Of Directors And Executive Officers” above.

Our Compensation Committee continually reviews our executive compensation program to determine whether such program achieves our desired goals of aligning our executive compensation strategy and structure with our stockholders’ interests and current market practices. Our executive compensation strategy and structure is designed to motivate our executive management team to create long-term value for our stockholders through the achievement of strategic business objectives, while effectively managing the risks and challenges inherent in a clinical and pre-clinical stage biopharmaceutical company. As our long-term success depends on the talents of our employees, our compensation structure plays a significant role in our ability to attract, retain and motivate the highest quality workforce in a competitive employment environment.

Advisory Vote

We recommend stockholder approval of the compensation of our named executive officers for the 20212022 fiscal year as disclosed in this proxy statement pursuant to the SEC’s compensation disclosure rules.

Accordingly, the Board recommends that stockholders vote in favor of the following resolution:

“RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to Moleculin’s named executive officers, as disclosed pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including the compensation tables and narrative discussion is hereby APPROVED.”

As this is an advisory vote, the outcome of the vote is non-binding on us with respect to future executive compensation decisions, including those related to our named executive officers. However, our Board and Compensation Committee will review the results of the vote and take them into account when considering future executive compensation policies and decisions.

If Proposal 5 is approved, unless the Board modifies its policy on the frequency of future advisory votes on the compensation of our named executive officers, the next advisory vote on the compensation of our named executive officers will be held at our next annual meeting of stockholders.

Vote Required and Recommendation of the Board of Directors

The approval of Proposal 4 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the proposal, and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal. The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR the non-binding, advisory resolution to approve executive compensation.

PROPOSAL 5:

TO VOTE ONAPPROVE AN AMENDMENT TO THE COMPANY'S AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO GRANT OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS AUTHORITY TO EFFECT A NON-BINDING, ADVISORY PROPOSAL ONREVERSE STOCK SPLIT OF THE FREQUENCYOUTSTANDING SHARES OF HOLDING FUTURE VOTES REGARDING EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONTHE COMPANY’S COMMON STOCK

Pursuant to Section 14A of the Exchange Act, we are required to provide our stockholders with the opportunity to vote, on a non-binding, advisory basis, for their preference as to how frequently to hold future votes to approve, on a nonbinding, advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers, which we refer to as the “say-on-pay vote”). Stockholders may indicate whether they would prefer that we conduct future say-on-pay votes once every one, two, or three years. Stockholders also may abstain from casting a vote on this proposal.General

Our Board of Directors has determinedis recommending that an advisory vote on executive compensation every year will permit our stockholders approve a proposed amendment to provide direct input on our executive compensation philosophy, policies,Amended and practicesRestated Certificate of Incorporation in substantially the form attached hereto as disclosed in this proxy statement, onAnnex B, to effect a regular basis. This approach is consistent withreverse stock split of our efforts to engage in an ongoing dialogue with our stockholders on executive compensationoutstanding shares of common stock at one of the following reverse stock split ratios, 1-for-2, 1-for-3, 1-for-4, 1-for-5, 1-for-6, 1-for-7, and corporate governance matters. An advisory vote on executive compensation occurring every year will provide our stockholders1-for-8, as determined by the opportunity to provide the next advisory vote on executive compensation at our next Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

This vote is advisory, which means that the vote on executive compensation is not binding on the company, our Board of Directors orin its sole discretion, at any time prior to the Compensation Committeeone-year anniversary of this Annual Meeting. If the stockholders approve and adopt the proposed amendment to effect the reverse stock split, and our Board decides to implement it, the reverse stock split will become effective on the date of the filing of the proposed amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

If implemented, the reverse stock split will be realized simultaneously for all outstanding common stock and the ratio determined by our Board will be the same for all outstanding shares of Directors. We recognizecommon stock. The reverse stock split will affect all holders of shares of our common stock uniformly and each stockholder will hold the same percentage of our common stock outstanding immediately following the reverse stock split as that stockholders may have different views asstockholder held immediately prior to the best approachreverse stock split, except for adjustments that may result from the treatment of fractional shares as described below. The proposed amendment will not reduce the number of authorized shares of common stock (which will remain at 100,000,000, or at 200,000,000 if Proposal 6 is approved) or preferred stock (which will remain at 5,000,000) or change the par values of our common stock (which will remain at $0.001 per share) or preferred stock (which will remain at $0.001 per share).

Background

Our common stock is currently quoted on The NASDAQ Capital Market (“NASDAQ”), and we are therefore subject to its continued listing requirements, including requirements with respect to the market value of publicly-held shares, market value of listed shares, minimum bid price per share, and minimum stockholder's equity, among others, and requirements relating to board and committee independence. If we fail to satisfy one or more of the requirements, we may be delisted from NASDAQ.

The minimum closing bid price requirement set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) is $1.00. On March 27, 2023, the last reported sales price for the Company, and therefore we look forward to hearing from our stockholders as to their preferences on the frequency of an advisory vote on executive compensation. Our Board of Directors and Compensation Committee will take into account the outcome of the vote; however, when considering the frequency of future say-on-pay votes, our Board of Directors may decide that it is in the best interests of our stockholders and the Company to hold future say-on-pay votes more or less frequently than the frequency receiving the most votes cast by our stockholders.common stock was $0.96 per share.

Purpose of the Proposed Reverse Stock Split

Our Board’s primary objective in proposing the reverse stock split is to raise the per share trading price of our common stock. In particular, this will help us to maintain the listing of our common stock on NASDAQ.

Delisting from NASDAQ may adversely affect our ability to raise additional financing through the public or private sale of equity securities, may significantly affect the ability of investors to trade our securities and may negatively affect the value and liquidity of our common stock. Delisting also could have other negative results, including the potential loss of employee confidence, the loss of institutional investors or interest in business development opportunities.

If we are delisted from NASDAQ and we are not able to list our common stock on another exchange, our common stock could be quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board or in the “pink sheets.” As a result, we could face significant adverse consequences including, among others:

Our Board believes that the proposed reverse stock split is a potentially effective means for us to maintain compliance with the listing rules of NASDAQ and to avoid, or at least mitigate, the likely adverse consequences of our common stock being delisted from the NASDAQ by producing the immediate effect of increasing the bid price of our common stock.

Increase the Market Price of our Common Stock to a Level More Appealing for Investors

We also believe that the reverse stock split could enhance the appeal of our common stock to the financial community, including institutional investors, and the general investing public. We believe that a number of institutional investors and investment funds are reluctant to invest in lower-priced securities and that brokerage firms may be reluctant to recommend lower-priced securities to their clients, which may be due in part to a perception that lower-priced securities are less promising as investments, are less liquid in the event that an investor wishes to sell its shares, or are less likely to be followed by institutional securities research firms and therefore more likely to have less third-party analysis of the Company available to investors. We believe that the reduction in the number of issued and outstanding shares of our common stock caused by the reverse stock split, together with the anticipated increased stock price immediately following and resulting from the reverse stock split, may encourage interest and trading in our common stock and thus possibly promote greater liquidity for our stockholders, thereby resulting in a broader market for the common stock than that which currently exists.

We cannot assure you that all or any of the anticipated beneficial effects on the trading market for our common stock will occur. Our Board cannot predict with certainty what effect the reverse stock split will have on the market price of our common stock, particularly over the longer term. Some investors may view a reverse stock split negatively, which could result in a decrease in our market capitalization. Additionally, any improvement in liquidity due to increased institutional or brokerage interest or lower trading commissions may be offset by the lower number of outstanding shares. We cannot provide you with any assurance that our shares will continue to qualify for listing on NASDAQ. As a result, the trading liquidity of our common stock may not improve. In addition, investors might consider the increased proportion of unissued authorized shares to issued shares to have an anti-takeover effect under certain circumstances, since the proportion allows for dilutive issuances.

Determination of Ratio

The ratio of the reverse stock split, if approved and implemented, will be a ratio of 1-for-2, 1-for-3, 1-for-4, 1-for-5, 1-for-6, 1-for-7, and 1-for-8 as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, prior to the one-year anniversary of this Annual Meeting. Even if approved, the Board will have discretion to delay or not to implement the reverse stock split.

In determining the reverse stock split ratio, our Board will consider numerous factors, including:

The purpose of asking for authorization to amend the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to implement the reverse stock split at a ratio to be determined by the Board, as opposed to a ratio fixed in advance, is to give our Board the flexibility to take into account then-current market conditions and changes in price of our common stock and to respond to other developments that may be deemed relevant when considering the appropriate ratio.

Principal Effects of the Reverse Stock Split

A reverse stock split refers to a reduction in the number of outstanding shares of a class of a corporation’s capital stock, which may be accomplished, as in this case, by reclassifying and combining all of our outstanding shares of common stock into a proportionately smaller number of shares. For example, if our Board decides to implement a 1-for-5 reverse stock split of our common stock, then a stockholder holding 10,000 shares of our common stock before the reverse stock split would instead hold 2,000 shares of our common stock immediately after the reverse stock split. The reverse stock split will affect all of our stockholders uniformly and will not affect any stockholder’s percentage ownership interests in our company or proportionate voting power, except for minor adjustments due to the additional net share fraction that will need to be issued as a result of the treatment of fractional shares. No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the reverse stock split. Instead, we will issue one full share of the post-reverse stock split common stock to any stockholder who would have been entitled to receive a fractional share as a result of the process.

The principal effect of the reverse stock split will be that (i) the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding will be reduced from 29,525,135 shares as of March 27, 2023 to a number of shares between and including one-half to one-eighth that amount, as the case may be based on the ratio for the reverse stock split as determined by our Board, and (ii) all outstanding options and warrants entitling the holders thereof to purchase shares of common stock will enable such holders to purchase, upon exercise of their options or warrants, as applicable, between and including one-half to one-eighth of the number of shares of common stock which such holders would have been able to purchase upon exercise of their options or warrants, as applicable, immediately preceding the reverse stock split at an exercise price equal to between and including two to eight times the exercise price specified before the reverse stock split, resulting in essentially the same aggregate price being required to be paid therefor upon exercise thereof immediately preceding the reverse stock split, as the case may be based on the ratio for the reverse stock split as determined by our Board.

The following table, which is for illustrative purposes only, illustrates the effects of the reverse stock split at certain exchange ratios within the foregoing range, without giving effect to any adjustments for fractional shares of common stock, on our outstanding shares of common stock and authorized shares of capital stock as of March 27, 2023.

(1)    Assumes Proposal 6 is approved.

The amendment will not change the terms of our common stock. The shares of new common stock will have the same voting rights and rights to dividends and distributions and will be identical in all other respects to the common stock now authorized. The common stock issued pursuant to the reverse stock split will remain fully paid and non-assessable. The reverse stock split is not intended as, and will not have the effect of, a “going private transaction” covered by Rule 13e-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We will continue to be subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

Accounting Matters

The reverse stock split will not affect the par value of our common stock. As a result, on the effective date of the reverse stock split, the stated capital on our balance sheet attributable to the common stock will be reduced to between and including one-half to one-eighth of its present amount, as the case may be based on the ratio for the reverse stock split as determined by our Board, and the additional paid-in capital account shall be credited with the amount by which the stated capital is reduced. The per share net loss and net book value of our common stock will be retroactively increased for each period because there will be fewer shares of our common stock outstanding.

Effect of Authorized but Unissued Shares

The reverse stock split will have the effect of significantly increasing the number of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. The number of authorized shares of common stock will not be decreased and will remain at 100,000,000 (or 200,000,000 if Proposal 6 is approved). Because the number of outstanding shares will be reduced as a result of the reverse stock split, the number of shares available for issuance will be increased. See the table above under the caption “Principal Effects of the Reverse Stock Split” that shows the number of unreserved shares of common stock that would be available for issuance at various reverse stock split ratios.

Our Board believes that we will need to raise additional capital in the ordinary course of business. In addition, we may issue shares to acquire other companies or assets or engage in business combination transactions. As of the date of this Proxy Statement, we have no specific plans, arrangements or understandings, whether written or oral, with respect to the increase in shares available for issuance as a result of the reverse stock split.

Potential Anti-Takeover and Dilutive Effects

The purpose of the reverse stock split is not to establish any barriers to a change of control or acquisition of the Company. However, because the number of authorized shares of common stock will remain at 100,000,000 (or 200,000,000 if Proposal 6 is approved), this proposal, if adopted and implemented, will result in a relative increase in the number of authorized but unissued shares of our common stock as compared to the outstanding shares of our common stock and could, under certain circumstances, have an anti-takeover effect. Shares of common stock that are authorized but unissued provide our Board with flexibility to effect, among other transactions, public or private financings, mergers, acquisitions, stock dividends, stock splits and the granting of equity incentive awards. However, these authorized but unissued shares may also be used by our Board, consistent with and subject to its fiduciary duties, to deter future attempts to gain control of us or make such actions more expensive and less desirable. After implementation of the proposed amendment, our Board will continue to have authority to issue additional shares from time to time without delay or further action by the stockholders except as may be required by applicable law or the NASDAQ listing standards, assuming the Company remains listed on NASDAQ. Our Board is not aware of any attempt to take control of our business and has not considered the reverse stock split to be a tool to be utilized as a type of anti-takeover device. We currently have no plans, proposals or arrangements to issue any shares of common stock that would become newly available for issuance as a result of the reverse stock split.

In addition, if we do issue additional shares of our common stock, the issuance could have a dilutive effect on earnings per share and the book or market value of the outstanding common stock, depending on the circumstances, and would likely dilute a stockholder’s percentage voting power in the Company. Holders of common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Our Board intends to take these factors into account before authorizing any new issuance of shares.

Certain Risks Associated with the Reverse Stock Split

Before voting on this proposal, you should consider the following risks associated with the implementation of the reverse stock split:

Procedure for Effecting Reverse Stock Split and Exchange of Stock Certificates

If the reverse stock split is approved by our stockholders, the reverse stock split would become effective at such time prior to the one-year anniversary of this Annual Meeting as it is deemed by our Board to be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders and we file the amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Even if the reverse stock split is approved by our stockholders, our Board has discretion not to carry out or to delay in carrying out the reverse stock split. Upon the filing of the amendment, all the old common stock will be converted into new common stock as set forth in the amendment.

As soon as practicable after the effective time of the reverse stock split, stockholders will be notified that the reverse stock split has been effected. If you hold shares of common stock in a book-entry form, you will receive a transmittal letter from our transfer agent as soon as practicable after the effective time of the reverse stock split with instructions on how to exchange your shares. After you submit your completed transmittal letter, a transaction statement will be sent to your address of record as soon as practicable after the effective date of the reverse stock split indicating the number of post-reverse stock split shares of common stock you hold.

Some stockholders hold their shares of common stock in certificate form or a combination of certificate and book-entry form. Our transfer agent will act as exchange agent for purposes of implementing the exchange of stock certificates, if applicable. If you are a stockholder holding pre-split shares in certificate form, you will receive a transmittal letter from our transfer agent as soon as practicable after the effective time of the reverse stock split. The transmittal letter will be accompanied by instructions specifying how you can exchange your certificate representing the pre-split shares of our common stock for a statement of holding. When you submit your certificate representing the pre-split shares of our common stock, your post-split shares of our common stock will be held electronically in book-entry form in the Direct Registration System. This means that, instead of receiving a new stock certificate, you will receive a statement of holding that indicates the number of post-split shares you own in book-entry form. We will no longer issue physical stock certificates unless you make a specific request for a share certificate representing your post-split ownership interest.

Stockholders should not destroy any stock certificate(s) and should not submit any certificate(s) until requested to do so.

Beginning on the effective time of the reverse stock split, each certificate representing pre-split shares will be deemed for all corporate purposes to evidence ownership of post-split shares.

Fractional Shares

No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the reverse stock split. Instead, we will issue one full share of the post-reverse stock split common stock to any stockholder who would have been entitled to receive a fractional share as a result of the process. Each common stockholder will hold the same percentage of the outstanding common stock immediately following the reverse stock split as that stockholder did immediately prior to the reverse stock split, except for minor adjustment due to the additional net share fraction that will need to be issued as a result of the treatment of fractional shares.

No Dissenter’s Rights

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, our stockholders are not entitled to dissenter’s rights with respect to the reverse stock split or the corresponding amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect the reverse stock split and we will not independently provide our stockholders with any such right.

Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reverse Stock Split

The following is a summary of important tax considerations of the reverse stock split. It addresses only stockholders who hold our common stock as capital assets. It does not purport to be complete and does not address stockholders subject to special rules, such as financial institutions, tax-exempt organizations, insurance companies, dealers in securities, foreign stockholders, stockholders who hold their pre-reverse stock split shares as part of a straddle, hedge or conversion transaction, and stockholders who acquired their pre-reverse stock split shares pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation. This summary is based upon current law, which may change, possibly even retroactively. It does not address tax considerations under state, local, foreign and other laws. The tax treatment of a stockholder may vary depending upon the particular facts and circumstances of such stockholder. Each stockholder is urged to consult with such stockholder’s own tax advisor with respect to the tax consequences of the reverse stock split.

Generally, a reverse stock split will not result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. The adjusted basis of the new shares of common stock will be the same as the adjusted basis of the common stock exchanged for such new shares. The holding period of the new, post-reverse stock split shares of the common stock resulting from implementation of the reverse stock split will include the stockholder’s respective holding periods for the pre-reverse stock split shares. Stockholders who acquired their shares of our common stock on different dates or at different prices should consult their tax advisors regarding the allocation of the tax basis of such shares. Additional information about the effects of the reverse stock split on the basis of holders of our common stock will be included in Internal Revenue Service Form 8937, Report of Organizational Actions Affecting Basis of Securities, which we will post to our website on or before the 45th day following the effective date of the reverse stock split, if effected.

The foregoing views are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or the courts. Accordingly, each stockholder should consult with his or her own tax advisor with respect to all of the potential tax consequences to him or her of the reverse stock split.

Vote Required and Recommendation of the Board of Directors

The approval of Proposal 5 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of theour outstanding shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter.of common stock. Broker non-votes will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the proposal, and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal. The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR theoption approval of the amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a vote every yearreverse stock split of our outstanding shares of common stock at one of the following reverse stock split ratios, 1-for-2, 1-for-3, 1-for-4, 1-for-5, 1-for-6, 1-for-7 and 1-for-8, as determined by the preferred frequency for future say-on-pay votes.Board of Directors in its sole discretion, prior to the one-year anniversary of this Annual Meeting.

PROPOSAL 6:APPROVAL OF AMENDMENT TO THE COMPANY’S AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO INCREASE THE TOTAL NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK FROM 100,000,000 SHARES TO 200,000,000 SHARES.

General

Our Board is recommending that our stockholders approve a proposed amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation in substantially the form attached hereto as Annex C (the “Share Increase Amendment”), providing for an increase in the number of our shares of common stock, having a par value of $0.001 per share, from 100,000,000 to 200,000,000. If adopted and approved by the stockholders, the Share Increase Amendment will become effective upon the filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. If the Share Increase Amendment is approved by stockholders at the Annual Meeting, we intend to file the Share Increase Amendment as soon as practicable following the Annual Meeting.

Purposes of the Proposed Amendment

We do not have any present plan, arrangement or understanding to designate and issue any of the shares of common stock that will become available as a result of the Share Increase Amendment. Although, at present, our Board has no immediate plans to issue the additional shares of common stock, it desires to have the shares available to provide additional flexibility to use our common stock for business and financial purposes in the future. The additional 100,000,000 authorized shares of common stock would be available for issuance for various purposes, as our Board may deem advisable, such as for future financings, to satisfy the issuance of shares of common stock on the conversion or exercise of our options, warrants, convertible notes, or other convertible securities, to provide equity incentive to employees, consultants, officers and directors, to make stock-based acquisitions and for other general corporate purposes. Furthermore, we may utilize our securities to make future acquisitions. Acquisitions can be a key component of growth and, from time to time, consideration for acquisitions may include the issuance of common stock.

In addition to fund-raising opportunities, we also engage in periodic discussions with potential partners, strategic investments and acquisition candidates. If any of these discussions came to a definitive understanding, it is possible that we could use some of the newly authorized shares in connection with one or more such transactions. We also plan to continue to issue shares of common stock pursuant to our equity incentive plans. We currently have no agreement, commitment, or arrangement, regarding the issuance of common stock in connection with one or more such strategic transactions subsequent to the increase in the number of authorized shares. In addition, we do not have any agreements, commitments or arrangements regarding the issuance of common stock in connection with a fund-raising opportunity or any other purposes not specifically set forth in this proxy statement.

The newly authorized common stock would be available for issuance without further action by stockholders except as required by law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or applicable stock exchange requirements. Any such issuance could have the effect of diluting existing stockholders. Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation does not include any preemptive or other rights of stockholders to subscribe for any shares of common stock which may in the future be issued by us, which means that current stockholders do not have a prior right to purchase any new issue of common stock in order to maintain their proportionate ownership of common stock.

Rights of Additional Authorized Shares

The additional common stock to be authorized by stockholder approval of this Proposal 6 would have rights identical to the currently outstanding shares of our common stock.

Possible Anti-Takeover Effects of the Proposed Amendment

In addition to the corporate purposes mentioned above, an increase in the number of authorized shares of our common stock may make it more difficult to, or discourage an attempt to, obtain control of the Company by means of a takeover bid that the Board determines is not in the best interest of our Company and our stockholders. However, our Board of Directors is not aware of any attempt to take control of our company, and our Board of Directors has not presented this proposal with the intent that it be utilized as a type of anti-takeover device.

Vote Required and Recommendation of the Board of Directors

The approval of Proposal 6 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock. Broker non-votes and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal. The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR the approval of the amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of common stock from 100,000,000 shares to 200,000,000 shares.

PROPOSAL 7:TO APPROVE AN AMENDMENT TO THE COMPANY'S AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO ELIMINATE SUPERMAJORITY VOTING REQUIREMENTS TO AMEND THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

Introduction and Reasons for Amendments

Article 8 of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation currently provides that certain amendments to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation require the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the voting power of the shares of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors. Our Board of Directors has determined that it is advisable and in our best interests and our stockholders to amend the amended and restated certificate of incorporation to eliminate this supermajority voting requirement. We believe that these proposed amendment reflect our commitment to good corporate governance and further aligns our governance processes with practices supported by stockholders in the broader investor community who generally view a majority vote as sufficient for stockholder approval of amendments to governing documents. As a result, we recommend and are seeking stockholder approval of this Proposal 6.7.

Background on the Proposed Amendment

Article 8 of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, in addition to any affirmative vote required by applicable law or the terms of any series of preferred stock outstanding, the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend, alter or repeal, or adopt any provision as part of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation inconsistent with the purpose and intent of the sections of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation regarding:

Overview and Effects of the Proposed Amendment

If Proposal 67 is approved by stockholders, the voting standard set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law would apply, which would mean that future amendments to the Certificate of Incorporation would require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class (subject to any other provisions of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, any other vote required by law and the express terms of any outstanding preferred stock). Annex AD to this proxy statement shows the changes to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation that would be effected by this Proposal 6,7, if adopted.

If our stockholders approve Proposal 6,7, then, subject to applicable law, they will become effective immediately upon the Company’s filing of an amended and restated certificate of incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State, which we anticipate doing as soon as practicable following stockholder approval of Proposal 6.7. If stockholders do not approve Proposal 6,7, the supermajority voting requirements will remain in place, and the Company will not file the anticipated amended and restated certificate of incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State.

Vote Required and Recommendation of the Board of Directors

The approval of Proposal 67 requires the affirmative vote of two-thirds of our outstanding shares entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal. The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR the approval of the amendment to the Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation to eliminate supermajority voting requirements to amend the amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

PROPOSAL 8: AUTHORIZATION TO ADJOURN THE ANNUAL MEETING

If the Annual Meeting is convened and a quorum is present, but there are not sufficient votes to approve Proposal 5 or Proposal 6, one or more of our proxy holders may move to adjourn the Annual Meeting at that time in order to enable our Board to solicit additional proxies.

In this proposal, we are asking our stockholders to authorize one or more of our proxy holders to adjourn the Annual Meeting to another time and place, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies in the event that there are not sufficient votes to approve Proposal 5 or Proposal 6. If our stockholders approve this proposal, one or more of our proxy holders can adjourn the Annual Meeting and any adjourned session of the Annual Meeting to allow for additional time to solicit additional proxies, including the solicitation of proxies from our stockholders that have previously voted. Among other things, approval of this proposal could mean that, even if we had received proxies representing a sufficient number of votes to defeat Proposal 5 or Proposal 6, we could adjourn the Annual Meeting without a vote on such proposals and seek to convince our stockholders to change their votes in favor of such proposals.

If it is necessary to adjourn the Annual Meeting, no notice of the adjourned meeting is required to be given to our stockholders, other than an announcement at the Annual Meeting of the time and place to which the Annual Meeting is adjourned, so long as the meeting is adjourned for 30 days or less and no new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting. At the adjourned meeting, we may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.

Vote Required and Recommendation of the Board of Directors

The approval of Proposal 8 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes will not be taken into account in determining the outcome of the proposal, and abstentions will be counted as votes against the proposal. The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR the approval to authorize the adjournment of the Annual Meeting, if necessary, to solicit additional proxies if there are not sufficient votes in favor of Proposal 5 or Proposal 6.

AVAILABILITY OF ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

A copy of our 2021Annual Report on Form 10-K has been mailed concurrently with this proxy statement to stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting, provided that we have not included the exhibits to the Form 10-K. We will provide copies of these exhibits without cost upon request by eligible stockholders. Requests for copies of such exhibits should be mailed to Moleculin Biotech,Inc., 5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950, Houston, TX 77007, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

OTHER PROPOSED ACTION

Our Board of Directors does not intend to bring any other matters before the Annual Meeting, nor does it know of any matters which other persons intend to bring before the Annual Meeting. If, however, other matters not mentioned in this proxy statement properly come before the Annual Meeting, the persons named in the accompanying form of proxy will vote thereon in accordance with the recommendation of the Board of Directors.

HOUSEHOLDING OF PROXY MATERIALS

The SEC has adopted rules that permit companies and intermediaries (e.g., brokers) to satisfy the delivery requirements for proxy materialsthe Notice of Internet Availability with respect to two or more stockholders sharing the same address by delivering a single proxy statementNotice of Internet Availability addressed to those stockholders. This process, which is commonly referred to as “householding,” potentially means extra convenience for stockholders and cost savings for companies.

A number of brokers with account holders who are the Company’s stockholders may be “householding” our proxy materials. A single copy of the proxy materialsNotice of Internet Availability may be delivered to multiple stockholders sharing an address unless contrary instructions have been received from the affected stockholders. Once you have received notice from your broker that they will be householding communications to your address, householding will continue until you are notified otherwise or until you revoke your consent. If, at any time, you no longer wish to participate in householding and would prefer to receive a separate copy of the proxy materials or Notice of Internet Availability, please (1) notify your broker, or (2) direct your written request to Moleculin Biotech, Inc., 5300 Memorial Drive, Suite 950, Houston, TX 77007, Attention: Corporate Secretary. Stockholders who currently receive multiple copies of the proxy materials or Notice of Internet Availability at their address and would like to request householding of their communications should contact their brokers. In addition, upon written request to the address set forth above, we will promptly deliver a separate copy of the proxy materials or Notice of Internet Availability to any stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of the documents was delivered.

STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS AND SUBMISSIONS

In order to be eligible for inclusion in our proxy statement and form of proxy for our next Annual Meeting, a proposal of a stockholder, including the submission of a stockholder nominee for election to our Board of Directors, must be received at our principal executive offices located in Houston, Texas no later than December 14, 2022.15, 2023. For any proposal that a stockholder wishes to propose for consideration at our next Annual Meeting but does not wish to include in the proxy materials for that meeting, our Amended and Restated Bylaws require a notice of the proposal to be delivered not less than 120 days prior to the anniversary of the mailing date of our proxy materials for the preceding annual meeting of stockholders. The notice of the proposal also must comply with the content requirements for such notices set forth in our Amended and Restated Bylaws.

Whether or not you expect to be present at the Annual Meeting, please sign and return the enclosed proxy promptly. Your vote is important. If you are a stockholder of record and attend the Annual Meeting and wish to vote in person, you may withdraw your proxy at any time prior to the vote.

Houston, Texas

April 14, 202213, 2023

Annex A

TEXT OF PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO THE CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

The proposed amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation would amend Sections 8 thereof as follows, with new language indicated by underlined text and deletions indicated by strikethroughs:

Article 8.          AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE

The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter or repeal any provision contained in this certificate of incorporation in the manner prescribed by the DGCL and all rights conferred upon stockholders are granted subject to this reservation. Notwithstanding any other provision of this certificate of incorporation, and in addition to any other vote that may be required by law or the terms of any series of Preferred Stock, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend, alter or repeal, or adopt any provision as part of this certificate of incorporation inconsistent with the purpose and intent of Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

Annex B

MOLECULIN BIOTECH, INC.

2015 STOCK PLAN

(Amended and Restated)

1.1    The Board of Directors of Moleculin Biotech, Inc. (the “Company”) established the Moleculin Biotech, Inc. 2015 Stock Plan (the “Plan”) effective as of December 1, 2015. The Plan was amended effective as of April 19, 2016, was further amended and restated effective as of April 6, 2018, was further amended and restated as of March 26, 2020, and was further amended and restated as of April 7, 2022 and was further amended and restated as of May 25, 2023, subject to approval by the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s annual meeting on May 26, 2022.25, 2023. Awards granted prior to the effective date of the Plan’s amendment and restatement shall be governed by the terms of the Plan as in effect on the grant date of the Award.

1.2    The purpose of the Plan is to attract and retain outstanding individuals as Key Employees, Directors and Consultants of the Company and its Subsidiaries, to recognize the contributions made to the Company and its Subsidiaries by Key Employees, Directors and Consultants, and to provide such Key Employees, Directors and Consultants with additional incentive to expand and improve the profits and achieve the objectives of the Company and its Subsidiaries, by providing such Key Employees, Directors and Consultants with the opportunity to acquire or increase their proprietary interest in the Company through receipt of Awards.

As used in the Plan, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:

2.1      “Award” means any award or benefit granted under the Plan, which shall be a Stock Option, a Stock Award, a Stock Unit Award or an SAR.

2.2      “Award Agreement” means, as applicable, a Stock Option Agreement, Stock Award Agreement, Stock Unit Award Agreement or SAR Agreement evidencing an Award granted under the Plan.

2.3      “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

2.4      “Change in Control” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.2 of the Plan.

2.5      “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

2.6      “Committee” means the Compensation Committee of the Board or such other committee as may be designated by the Board from time to time to administer the Plan, or, if no such committee has been designated at the time of any grants, it shall mean the Board.

2.7      “Common Stock” means the Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company.

2.8      “Company” means Moleculin Biotech, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

2.9      “Consultant” means any person, including an advisor, who is engaged by the Company or an affiliate to render consulting or advisory services and is compensated for such services. However, service solely as a Director, or payment of a fee for such service, will not cause a Director to be considered a “Consultant” for purposes of the Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a person is treated as a Consultant under this Plan only if a Form S-8 Registration Statement under the Securities Act is available to register either the offer or the sale of the Company’s securities to such person.

2.10    “Director” means a director of the Company who is not an employee of the Company or a Subsidiary.

2.11    “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time.

2.12    “Fair Market Value” means as of any date, the closing price of a share of Common Stock on the national securities exchange on which the Common Stock is listed, or, if the Common Stock is not listed on a national securities exchange, the over-the-counter market on which the Common Stock trades, or, if the Common Stock is not listed on a national securities exchange or an over-the-counter market, as determined by the Board as of such date, or, if no trading occurred on such date, as of the trading day immediately preceding such date.

2.13    “Incentive Stock Option” or “ISO” means a Stock Option granted under Section 5 of the Plan that meets the requirements of Section 422(b) of the Code or any successor provision.

2.14    “Key Employee” means an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary selected to participate in the Plan in accordance with Section 3. A Key Employee may also include a person who is granted an Award (other than an Incentive Stock Option) in connection with the hiring of the person prior to the date the person becomes an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary, provided that such Award shall not vest prior to the commencement of employment.

2.15    “Non-Qualified Stock Option” or “NSO” means a Stock Option granted under Section 5 of the Plan that is not an Incentive Stock Option.

2.16    “Participant” means a Key Employee, Director or Consultant selected to receive an Award under the Plan.

2.17    “Plan” means the Moleculin Biotech, Inc. 2015 Stock Plan.

2.18    “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR” means a grant of a right to receive shares of Common Stock or cash under Section 8 of the Plan.

2.19    “Stock Award” means a grant of shares of Common Stock under Section 6 of the Plan.

2.20    “Stock Option” means an Incentive Stock Option or a Non-Qualified Stock Option granted under Section 5 of the Plan.

2.21    “Stock Unit Award” means a grant of a right to receive shares of Common Stock or cash under Section 7 of the Plan.

2.22    “Subsidiary” means an entity of which the Company is the direct or indirect beneficial owner of not less than 50% of all issued and outstanding equity interest of such entity.

3.1       The Board.

The Plan shall be administered by the Committee, which shall be comprised of at least two members of the Board who satisfy the “non-employee director” definition set forth in Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act, unless the Board otherwise determines.

3.2       Authority of the Committee.

(a)    The Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine the Key Employees and Directors to whom, and the time or times at which Awards will be granted, the form and amount of each Award, the expiration date of each Award, the time or times within which the Awards may be exercised, the cancellation of the Awards and the other limitations, restrictions, terms and conditions applicable to the grant of the Awards. The terms and conditions of the Awards need not be the same with respect to each Participant or with respect to each Award.

(b)    To the extent permitted by applicable law, regulation, and rules of a stock exchange on which the Common Stock is listed or traded, the Committee may delegate its authority to grant Awards to Key Employees and to determine the terms and conditions thereof to such officer of the Company as it may determine in its discretion, on such terms and conditions as it may impose, except with respect to Awards to officers subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

(c)    The Committee may, subject to the provisions of the Plan, establish such rules and regulations as it deems necessary or advisable for the proper administration of the Plan, and may make determinations and may take such other action in connection with or in relation to the Plan as it deems necessary or advisable. Each determination or other action made or taken pursuant to the Plan, including interpretation of the Plan and the specific terms and conditions of the Awards granted hereunder, shall be final and conclusive for all purposes and upon all persons.

(d)    No member of the Board or the Committee shall be liable for any action taken or determination made hereunder in good faith. Service on the Committee shall constitute service as a Director so that the members of the Committee shall be entitled to indemnification and reimbursement as Directors of the Company pursuant to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws.

3.3       Award Agreements.

(a)    Each Award shall be evidenced by a written Award Agreement specifying the terms and conditions of the Award. In the sole discretion of the Committee, the Award Agreement may condition the grant of an Award upon the Participant’s entering into one or more of the following agreements with the Company: (i) an agreement not to compete with the Company and its Subsidiaries which shall become effective as of the date of the grant of the Award and remain in effect for a specified period of time following termination of the Participant’s employment with the Company; (ii) an agreement to cancel any employment agreement, fringe benefit or compensation arrangement in effect between the Company and the Participant; and (iii) an agreement to retain the confidentiality of certain information. Such agreements may contain such other terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine. If the Participant shall fail to enter into any such agreement at the request of the Committee, then the Award granted or to be granted to such Participant shall be forfeited and cancelled.

4.1       Total Number of Shares.

(a)    The total number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan shall be 3,750,0005,500,000 (which reflects the 1,750,0003,750,000 shares previously authorized under the Plan and 2,000,0001,750,000 shares to be issued under the Plan pursuant to this amendment and restatement). Such shares may be either authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares, and shall be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.3 of the Plan.

(b)    The number of shares of Common Stock delivered by a Participant or withheld by the Company on behalf of any such Participant as full or partial payment of an Award, including the exercise price of a Stock Option or of any required withholding taxes, shall not again be available for issuance pursuant to subsequent Awards, and shall count towards the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan. Any shares of Common Stock purchased by the Company with proceeds from a Stock Option exercise shall not again be available for issuance pursuant to subsequent Awards, shall count against the aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the Plan and shall not increase the number of shares available under the Plan.

(c)    If there is a lapse, forfeiture, expiration, termination or cancellation of any Award for any reason (including for reasons described in Section 3.3), or if shares of Common Stock are issued under such Award and thereafter are reacquired by the Company pursuant to rights reserved by the Company upon issuance thereof, the shares of Common Stock subject to such Award or reacquired by the Company shall again be available for issuance pursuant to subsequent Awards, and shall not count towards the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan.

4.2       Shares Under Awards.

Of the shares of Common Stock authorized for issuance under the Plan pursuant to Section 4.1:

(a)    The maximum number of shares of Common Stock as to which a Key Employee may receive Stock Options or SARs in any calendar year is 225,000, except thatwill not exceed $1,000,000 in total value (calculating the maximum numbervalue of shares of Common Stock as to which a Key Employee may receiveany such Stock Options or SARs inbased on the calendar year in whichgrant date fair value of such Key Employee begins employment with the CompanyStock Options or its Subsidiaries is 225,000.SARs for financial reporting purposes).

(b)    The maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be subject to Stock Options (ISOs and/or NSOs) is 3,750,000.5,500,000.

(c)    The maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be used for Stock Awards and/or Stock Unit Awards that may be granted to any Key Employee in any calendar year is 225,000, will not exceed $1,000,000 in total value (calculating the value of any such Stock Awards and/or inStock Unit Awards based on the event the Award is settled in cash, an amount equal to the Fair Market Valuegrant date fair value of such number of shares on the date on which the Award is settled.Stock Awards and/or Stock Unit Awards for financial reporting purposes).

(d)    The maximum number of shares of Common Stock subject to Awards granted under the Plan or otherwise during any one calendar year to any Director, taken together with any cash fees paid by the Company to such Director during such calendar year for service on the Board, will not exceed $300,000 in total value (calculating the value of any such Awards based on the grant date fair value of such Awards for financial reporting purposes).

The numbers of shares described herein shall be as adjusted in accordance with Section 4.3 of the Plan.

4.3       Adjustment.

In the event of any reorganization, recapitalization, stock split, stock distribution, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, subdivision, consolidation or exchange of shares, any change in the capital structure of the Company or any similar corporate transaction, the Committee shall make such adjustments as it deems appropriate, in its sole discretion, to preserve the benefits or intended benefits of the Plan and Awards granted under the Plan. Such adjustments may include: (a) adjustment in the number and kind of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan; (b) adjustment in the number and kind of shares covered by outstanding Awards; (c) adjustment in the exercise price of outstanding Stock Options or SARs or the price of Stock Awards or Stock Unit Awards under the Plan; (d) adjustments to any of the shares limitations set forth in Section 4.1 or 4.2 of the Plan; and (e) any other changes that the Committee determines to be equitable under the circumstances.

5.1       Grant.

Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Committee may from time to time grant Stock Options to Participants. Unless otherwise expressly provided at the time of the grant, Stock Options granted under the Plan to Key Employees will be NSOs. Stock Options granted under the Plan to Directors who are not employees of the Company or any Subsidiary will be NSOs.

5.2       Stock Option Agreement.

The grant of each Stock Option shall be evidenced by a written Stock Option Agreement specifying the type of Stock Option granted, the exercise period, the exercise price, the terms for payment of the exercise price, the expiration date of the Stock Option, the number of shares of Common Stock to be subject to each Stock Option and such other terms and conditions established by the Committee, in its sole discretion, not inconsistent with the Plan.

5.3       Exercise Price and Exercise Period.

With respect to each Stock Option granted to a Participant:

(a)    The per share exercise price of each Stock Option shall be the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Stock Option on the date on which the Stock Option is granted.

(b)    Each Stock Option shall become exercisable as provided in the Stock Option Agreement; provided that the Committee shall have the discretion to accelerate the date as of which any Stock Option shall become exercisable in the event of the Participant’s termination of employment with the Company, or service on the Board, without cause (as determined by the Board in its sole discretion).

(c)    No dividends or dividend equivalents shall be paid with respect to any shares subject to a Stock Option prior to the exercise of the Stock Option.

(d)    Each Stock Option shall expire, and all rights to purchase shares of Common Stock thereunder shall expire, on the date ten years after the date of grant.

5.4       Required Terms and Conditions of ISOs.

In addition to the foregoing, each ISO granted to a Key Employee shall be subject to the following specific rules:

(a)    The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined with respect to each ISO at the time such Option is granted) of the shares of Common Stock with respect to which ISOs are exercisable for the first time by a Key Employee during any calendar year (under all incentive stock option plans of the Company and its Subsidiaries) shall not exceed $100,000. If the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined at the time of grant) of the Common Stock subject to an ISO which first becomes exercisable in any calendar year exceeds the limitation of this Section 5.4(a), so much of the ISO that does not exceed the applicable dollar limit shall be an ISO and the remainder shall be a NSO; but in all other respects, the original Stock Option Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

(b)    Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if an ISO is granted to a Key Employee who owns stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company (or its parent or subsidiaries within the meaning of Section 422(b)(6) of the Code): (i) the purchase price of each share of Common Stock subject to the ISO shall be not less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the ISO is granted; and (ii) the ISO shall expire, and all rights to purchase shares of Common Stock thereunder shall expire, no later than the fifth anniversary of the date the ISO was granted.

(c)    No ISOs shall be granted under the Plan after ten years from the earlier of the date the Plan is adopted or approved by shareholders of the Company.

5.5       Exercise of Stock Options.

(a)    A Participant entitled to exercise a Stock Option may do so by delivering written notice to that effect specifying the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which the Stock Option is being exercised and any other information the Committee may prescribe. All notices or requests provided for herein shall be delivered to the Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

(b)    The Committee in its sole discretion may make available one or more of the following alternatives for the payment of the Stock Option exercise price: (i) in cash; (ii) in cash received from a broker-dealer to whom the Participant has submitted an exercise notice together with irrevocable instructions to deliver promptly to the Company the amount of sales proceeds from the sale of the shares subject to the Stock Option to pay the exercise price; (iii) by directing the Company to withhold such number of shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable in connection with the exercise of the Stock Option having an aggregate Fair Market Value equal to the exercise price; (iv) by delivering previously acquired shares of Common Stock that are acceptable to the Committee and that have an aggregate Fair Market Value on the date of exercise equal to the Stock Option exercise price; or (v) by certifying to ownership by attestation of such previously acquired shares of Common Stock.

The Committee shall have the sole discretion to establish the terms and conditions applicable to any alternative made available for payment of the Stock Option exercise price.

6.1       Grant.

The Committee may, in its discretion, (a) grant shares of Common Stock under the Plan to any Participant without consideration from such Participant or (b) sell shares of Common Stock under the Plan to any Participant for such amount of cash, Common Stock or other consideration as the Committee deems appropriate.

6.2       Stock Award Agreement.

Each share of Common Stock granted or sold hereunder shall be subject to such restrictions, conditions and other terms as the Board may determine at the time of grant or sale, the general provisions of the Plan, the restrictions, terms and conditions of the related Stock Award Agreement, and the following specific rules:

(a)    The Award Agreement shall specify whether the shares of Common Stock are granted or sold to the Participant and such other provisions, not inconsistent with the terms and conditions of the Plan, as the Committee shall determine.

(b)    The restrictions to which the shares of Common Stock awarded hereunder are subject shall lapse as provided in Stock Award Agreement; provided that the Committee shall have the discretion to accelerate the date as of which the restrictions lapse with respect to any Award held by a Participant in the event of the Participant’s termination of employment with the Company, or service on the Board, without cause (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion).

(c)    Except as provided in this subsection (c) and unless otherwise set forth in the related Stock Award Agreement, the Participant receiving a grant of or purchasing Common Stock shall thereupon be a stockholder with respect to such shares and shall have the rights of a stockholder with respect to such shares, including the right to vote such shares and to receive dividends and other distributions paid with respect to such shares; provided that any dividends or other distributions payable with respect to the Stock Award shall be accumulated and held by the Company and paid to the Participant only upon, and to the extent, the restrictions lapse in accordance with the terms of the applicable Stock Award Agreement. Any such dividends or other distributions held by the Company attributable to the portion of a Stock Award that is forfeited shall also be forfeited.

7.1       Grant.

The Committee may, in its discretion, grant Stock Unit Awards to any Participant. Each Stock Unit subject to the Award shall entitle the Participant to receive, on the date or the occurrence of an event (including the attainment of performance goals) as described in the Stock Unit Award Agreement, a share of Common Stock or cash equal to the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of such event as provided in the Stock Unit Award Agreement.

7.2       Stock Unit Agreement.

Each Stock Unit Award shall be subject to such restrictions, conditions and other terms as the Committee may determine at the time of grant, the general provisions of the Plan, the restrictions, terms and conditions of the related Stock Unit Award Agreement and the following specific rules:

(a)    The Stock Unit Agreement shall specify such provisions, not inconsistent with the terms and conditions of the Plan, as the Committee shall determine.

(b)    The restrictions to which the shares of Stock Units awarded hereunder are subject shall lapse as provided in Stock Unit Agreement; provided that the Committee shall have the discretion to accelerate the date as of which the restrictions lapse with respect to any Award held by a Participant in the event of the Participant’s termination of employment with the Company, or service on the Board, without cause (as determined by the Board in its sole discretion).

(c)    Except as provided in this subsection (c) and unless otherwise set forth in the Stock Unit Agreement, the Participant receiving a Stock Unit Award shall have no rights of a stockholder, including voting or dividends or other distributions rights, with respect to any Stock Units prior to the date they are settled in shares of Common Stock; provided that a Stock Unit Award Agreement may provide that until the Stock Units are settled in shares or cash, the Participant shall be entitled to receive on each dividend or distribution payment date applicable to the Common Stock an amount equal to the dividends or other distributions that the Participant would have received had the Stock Units held by the Participant as of the related record date been actual shares of Common Stock. Such amounts shall be accumulated and held by the Company and paid to the Participant only upon, and to the extent, the restrictions lapse in accordance with the terms of the applicable Stock Unit Award Agreement. Such amounts held by the Company attributable to the portion of the Stock Unit Award that is forfeited shall also be forfeited.

8.1       Grant.

The Committee may grant SARs to Participants. Upon exercise, an SAR entitles the Participant to receive from the Company the number of shares of Common Stock having an aggregate Fair Market Value equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value of one share as of the date on which the SAR is exercised over the exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares with respect to which the SAR is being exercised. The Committee, in its discretion, shall be entitled to cause the Company to elect to settle any part or all of its obligations arising out of the exercise of an SAR by the payment of cash in lieu of all or part of the shares it would otherwise be obligated to deliver in an amount equal to the Fair Market Value of such shares on the date of exercise. Cash shall be delivered in lieu of any fractional shares. The terms and conditions of any such Award shall be determined at the time of grant.

8.2       SAR Agreement.

(a)    Each SAR shall be evidenced by a written SAR Agreement specifying the terms and conditions of the SAR as the Committee may determine, including the SAR exercise price, expiration date of the SAR, the number of shares of Common Stock to which the SAR pertains, the form of settlement and such other terms and conditions established by the Committee, in its sole discretion, not inconsistent with the Plan.

(b)    The per Share exercise price of each SAR shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date the SAR is granted.

(c)    Each SAR shall expire and all rights thereunder shall cease on the date fixed by the Committee in the related SAR Agreement, which shall not be later than the ten years after the date of grant; provided however, if a Participant is unable to exercise an SAR because trading in the Common Stock is prohibited by law or the Company’s insider-trading policy, the SAR exercise date shall be extended to the date that is 30 days after the expiration of the trading prohibition.

(d)    Each SAR shall become exercisable as provided in the related SAR Agreement; provided that notwithstanding any other Plan provision, the Committee shall have the discretion to accelerate the date as of which any SAR shall become exercisable in the event of the Participant’s termination of employment, or service on the Board, without cause (as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion).

(e)    No dividends or dividend equivalents shall be paid with respect to any SAR prior to the exercise of the SAR.

(f)    A person entitled to exercise an SAR may do so by delivery of a written notice in accordance with procedures established by the Committee specifying the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which the SAR is being exercised and any other information the Committee may prescribe. As soon as reasonably practicable after the exercise of an SAR, the Company shall (i) issue the total number of full shares of Common Stock to which the Participant is entitled and cash in an amount equal to the Fair Market Value, as of the date of exercise, of any resulting fractional share, and (ii) if the Committee causes the Company to elect to settle all or part of its obligations arising out of the exercise of the SAR in cash, deliver to the Participant an amount in cash equal to the Fair Market Value, as of the date of exercise, of the shares it would otherwise be obligated to deliver.

9.1       Effect of a Change in Control.

(a)    Notwithstanding any of the provisions of the Plan or any outstanding Award Agreement, upon a Change in Control of the Company (as defined in Section 9.2), the Board is authorized and has sole discretion to provide that (i) all outstanding Awards shall become fully exercisable, (ii) all restrictions applicable to all Awards shall terminate or lapse and (iii) performance goals applicable to any Awards shall be deemed satisfied at the highest level, as applicable, in order that Participants may realize the benefits thereunder.

(b)    In addition to the Board’s authority set forth in Section 3, upon such Change in Control of the Company, the Board is authorized and has sole discretion as to any Award, either at the time such Award is granted hereunder or any time thereafter, to take any one or more of the following actions: (i) provide for the purchase of any outstanding Stock Option, for an amount of cash equal to the difference between the exercise price and the then Fair Market Value of the Common Stock covered thereby had such Stock Option been currently exercisable; (ii) make such adjustment to any such Award then outstanding as the Board deems appropriate to reflect such Change in Control; and (iii) cause any such Award then outstanding to be assumed by the acquiring or surviving corporation after such Change in Control.

9.2       Definition of Change in Control.

“Change in Control” of the Company shall be deemed to have occurred if at any time during the term of an Award granted under the Plan any of the following events occurs:

(a)    any Person (other than the Company, a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company, or a corporation owned directly or indirectly by the shareholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of shares of Common Stock of the Company) is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 30% or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (“Person” and “Beneficial Owner” being defined in Rule 13d-3 of the General Rules and Regulations of the Exchange Act);

(b)    the Company is party to a merger, consolidation, reorganization or other similar transaction with another corporation or other Person unless, following such transaction, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the outstanding securities of the surviving, resulting or acquiring corporation or Person or its parent entity entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (or Persons performing similar functions) is then beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by all or substantially all of the individuals and entities who were the beneficial owners of the Company’s outstanding securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors immediately prior to such transaction, in substantially the same proportions as their ownership, immediately prior to such transaction, of the Company’s outstanding securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors;

(c)    the election to the Board, without the recommendation or approval of two-thirds of the incumbent Board, of the lesser of: (i) three Directors; or (ii) Directors constituting a majority of the number of Directors of the Company then in office; provided, however, that Directors whose initial assumption of office is in connection with an actual or threatened election contest, including but not limited to a consent solicitation, relating to the election of Directors of the Company will not be considered as incumbent members of the Board for purposes of this Section; or

(d)    there is a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company, or the Company sells all or substantially all of its business and/or assets to another corporation or other Person unless, following such sale, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the outstanding securities of the acquiring corporation or Person or its parent entity entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (or Persons performing similar functions) is then beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by all or substantially all of the individuals and entities who were the beneficial owners of the Company’s outstanding securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors immediately prior to such sale, in substantially the same proportions as their ownership, immediately prior to such sale, of the Company’s outstanding securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.

In no event, however, shall a Change in Control be deemed to have occurred, with respect to a Participant, if that Participant is part of a purchasing group which consummates the Change in Control transaction. A Participant shall be deemed “part of a purchasing group” for purposes of the preceding sentence if the Participant is an equity participant or has agreed to become an equity participant in the purchasing company or group (except for (a) passive ownership of less than 3% of the shares of the purchasing company; or (b) ownership of equity participation in the purchasing company or group which is otherwise not deemed to be significant, as determined prior to the Change in Control by a majority of the disinterested Directors).

(a)    In connection with any Award, and as a condition to the issuance or delivery of any shares of Common Stock to the Participant in connection therewith, the Company shall require the Participant to pay the Company the minimum amount of federal, state, local or foreign taxes required to be withheld, and in the Company’s sole discretion, the Company may permit the Participant to pay the Company up to the maximum individual statutory rate of applicable withholding.

(b)    The Company in its sole discretion may make available one or more of the following alternatives for the payment of such taxes: (i) in cash; (ii) in cash received from a broker-dealer to whom the Participant has submitted notice together with irrevocable instructions to deliver promptly to the Company the amount of sales proceeds from the sale of the shares subject to the Award to pay the withholding taxes; (iii) by directing the Company to withhold such number of shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable in connection with the Award having an aggregate Fair Market Value equal to the minimum amount of tax required to be withheld; (iv) by delivering previously acquired shares of Common Stock of the Company that are acceptable to the Board that have an aggregate Fair Market Value equal to the amount required to be withheld; or (v) by certifying to ownership by attestation of such previously acquired shares of Common Stock.

The Committee shall have the sole discretion to establish the terms and conditions applicable to any alternative made available for payment of the required withholding taxes.

The Committee may postpone any grant or settlement of an Award or exercise of a Stock Option or SAR for such time as the Board in its sole discretion may deem necessary in order to permit the Company:

(a)    to effect, amend or maintain any necessary registration of the Plan or the shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to an Award, including upon the exercise of a Stock Option or SAR, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the securities laws of any applicable jurisdiction;

(b)    to permit any action to be taken in order to (i) list such shares of Common Stock on a stock exchange if shares of Common Stock are then listed on such exchange or (ii) comply with restrictions or regulations incident to the maintenance of a public market for its shares of Common Stock, including any rules or regulations of any stock exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are listed; or

(c)    to determine that such shares of Common Stock and the Plan are exempt from such registration or that no action of the kind referred to in (b)(ii) above needs to be taken; and the Company shall not be obligated by virtue of any terms and conditions of any Award or any provision of the Plan to sell or issue shares of Common Stock in violation of the Securities Act of 1933 or the law of any government having jurisdiction thereof.

Any such postponement shall not extend the term of an Award and neither the Company nor its Directors or officers shall have any obligation or liability to a Participant, the Participant’s successor or any other person with respect to any shares of Common Stock as to which the Award shall lapse because of such postponement.

Awards granted under the Plan, and any rights and privileges pertaining thereto, may not be transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated in any manner, or be subject to execution, attachment or similar process, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.

Shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to a Stock Award, the exercise of a Stock or SAR or the settlement of a Stock Unit Award shall be represented by stock certificates or on a non-certificated basis, with the ownership of such shares by the Participant evidenced solely by book entry in the records of the Company’s transfer agent; provided, however, that upon the written request of the Participant, the Company shall issue, in the name of the Participant, stock certificates representing such shares of Common Stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing, shares granted pursuant to a Stock Award shall be held by the Secretary of the Company until such time as the shares are forfeited or settled.

14.1     Termination or Amendment of Plan.

(a)    Except as described in Section 14.3 below, the Board may terminate, suspend, or amend the Plan, in whole or in part, from time to time, without the approval of the stockholders of the Company, unless such approval is required by applicable law, regulation or rule of any stock exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are listed. No amendment or termination of the Plan shall adversely affect the right of any Participant under any outstanding Award in any material way without the written consent of the Participant, unless such amendment or termination is required by applicable law, regulation or rule of any stock exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are listed. Subject to the foregoing, the Committee may correct any defect or supply an omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the Plan or in any Award granted hereunder in the manner and to the extent it shall deem desirable, in its sole discretion, to effectuate the Plan.

(b)    The Board shall have the authority to amend the Plan to the extent necessary or appropriate to comply with applicable law, regulation or accounting rules in order to permit Participants who are located outside of the United States to participate in the Plan.

14.2     Amendment of Award Agreements.

The Committee shall have the authority to amend any Award Agreement at any time; provided however, that no such amendment shall adversely affect the right of any Participant under any outstanding Award Agreement in any material way without the written consent of the Participant, unless such amendment is required by applicable law, regulation or rule of any stock exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are listed.

14.3     No Repricing of Stock Options.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, and except as described in Section 4.3, there shall be no amendment to the Plan or any outstanding Stock Option Agreement or SAR Agreement that results in the repricing of Stock Options or SARs without stockholder approval. For this purpose, repricing includes (i) a reduction in the exercise price of the Stock Option or SARs or (ii) the cancellation of a Stock Option in exchange for cash, Stock Options or SARs with an exercise price less than the exercise price of the cancelled Options or SARs, other Awards or any other consideration provided by the Company, but does not include any adjustment described in Section 4.3.

Neither the adoption of the Plan nor the grant of any Award under the Plan shall be deemed to obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to continue the employment of any Participant for any particular period, nor shall the granting of an Award constitute a request or consent to postpone the retirement date of any Participant.

All questions pertaining to the validity, construction and administration of the Plan and all Awards granted under the Plan shall be determined in conformity with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflict of law provisions of any state, and, in the case of Incentive Stock Options, Section 422 of the Code and regulations issued thereunder.

17.1     Effective Date.

(a)    The Plan as amended and restated has been adopted by the Board, and is effective, as of March 26, 2020, subject to the approval of the Plan by the stockholders of the Company.

(b)    In the event the Plan is not approved by stockholders of the Company within 12 months of the date hereof, the Plan as amended and restated shall have no effect, and the Plan as in effect prior to March 26, 2020May 25, 2023 shall continue.

17.2     Term of Plan.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, no Awards shall be granted on or after December 1, 2025.

Annex B

FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT

TO THE
AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
MOLECULIN BIOTECH, INC.

Moleculin Biotech, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Corporation”) for the purpose of amending its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, does hereby make and execute this Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and does hereby certify that:

1.      The Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board”), acting in accordance with the provisions of Sections 141 and 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, adopted resolutions amending Article 4.1 of its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), so that effective upon the effective time of this Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, [●] shares of the Corporation’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (hereinafter the “Common Stock”), issued and outstanding shall, automatically and without any action on the part of the respective holders thereof, be combined and converted into one share of Common Stock without increasing or decreasing the par value of each share of Common Stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”) and without increasing or decreasing the authorized number of shares of Common Stock or the Corporation’s preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (hereinafter the “Preferred Stock”); provided, however, no fractional shares of Common Stock shall be issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split, and instead, the Corporation shall issue one full share of post-Reverse Stock Split Common Stock to any stockholder who would have been entitled to receive a fractional share of Common Stock as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split shall occur whether or not the certificates representing such shares of Common Stock are surrendered to the Corporation or its transfer agent.

2.      Thereafter, pursuant to a resolution of the Board, a meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation was duly called and held upon notice in accordance with Section 222 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware at which meeting the necessary number of shares as required by statute were voted in favor of the foregoing amendment.

3.      The foregoing amendment has been duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation law of the State of Delaware by the vote of a majority of each class of outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon.

4.      This amendment shall be effective as of [●] p.m., Eastern Time, on [●].

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have signed this Certificate this [●] day of [●]. 

Annex C

FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT

TO THE
AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
MOLECULIN BIOTECH, INC.

Moleculin Biotech, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Corporation”) for the purpose of amending its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, does hereby make and execute this Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and does hereby certify that:

1.     The provisions of the present Article 4.1 of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation are amended by amending and restating the second sentence of Article 4.1, with no changes to be made to the previous or subsequent sentences and provisions of Article 4.1:

2.      The total number of shares of all classes of stock that the Corporation shall have the authority to issue is Two Hundred Five Million (205,000,000), of which Two Hundred Million (200,000,000) shares shall be Common Stock, having a par value of $0.001 per share, and, Five Million (5,000,000) of such shares shall be Preferred Stock, having a par value of $0.001 per share.

3.      The foregoing amendment has been duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation law of the State of Delaware by the vote of a majority of each class of outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon.

4.      This amendment shall be effective as of [●] p.m., Eastern Time, on [●].

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have signed this Certificate this [●] day of [●]. 

Annex D

TEXT OF PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO THE CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

The proposed amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation would amend Sections 8 thereof as follows, with new language indicated by underlined text and deletions indicated by strikethroughs:

Article 8.          AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE

The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter or repeal any provision contained in this certificate of incorporation in the manner prescribed by the DGCL and all rights conferred upon stockholders are granted subject to this reservation. Notwithstanding any other provision of this certificate of incorporation, and in addition to any other vote that may be required by law or the terms of any series of Preferred Stock, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend, alter or repeal, or adopt any provision as part of this certificate of incorporation inconsistent with the purpose and intent of Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.